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Uzungöz, nestled within the Bartın Province of Turkey, occupies a geographically complex and strategically important position along the southern Black Sea coast. Situated at coordinates 41.6344° N, 32.3375° E, the city’s terrain is dramatically shaped by the Köroğlu Mountains, a significant range within the Pontic Mountains system. This mountainous backdrop contributes to a unique microclimate and influences local air circulation patterns. The elevation varies considerably within the Uzungöz municipality, ranging from coastal plains to higher slopes, impacting temperature gradients and potential for fog formation. The city’s proximity to the Black Sea is a defining characteristic, introducing maritime influences like humidity and sea breezes, which can both disperse and trap pollutants depending on atmospheric conditions. Surrounding Uzungöz is a mosaic of agricultural land, primarily focused on hazelnut cultivation – a dominant industry in the Bartın region. This agricultural activity, while economically vital, can contribute to localized emissions from machinery and fertilizer use. Further inland, the landscape transitions to dense forests, acting as a natural filter but also a potential source of biomass burning during controlled agricultural practices. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with the city acting as a regional hub for the surrounding agricultural communities. The valley setting, constrained by the mountains, can exacerbate air pollution episodes when coupled with unfavorable meteorological conditions, limiting the dispersion of pollutants and creating localized 'traps'. The city’s location within a historically significant trade route also means it has experienced periods of industrial development, though currently, industrial activity is less intensive than in larger Turkish cities.

Uzungöz’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by its Black Sea coastal location and mountainous terrain. Winters (December-February) are typically characterized by prolonged periods of fog and temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground. The cold, stable air prevents vertical mixing, leading to increased concentrations of particulate matter and potentially other pollutants from residential heating and agricultural activities. These months present the greatest challenge for air quality and necessitate heightened caution for vulnerable populations, particularly those with respiratory conditions. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind speeds increase, aiding in pollutant dispersion. However, agricultural burning, a traditional practice for land clearing and residue disposal, can contribute to localized spikes in air pollution during this period. Summers (June-August) generally offer the best air quality, with consistent sea breezes and higher temperatures promoting good ventilation. However, heatwaves can exacerbate ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) sees a transition period, with decreasing temperatures and increasing humidity. Rainfall events are more frequent, which can help to cleanse the air, but the onset of cooler temperatures can also trigger temperature inversions, similar to winter conditions. The Black Sea’s influence is constant, with maritime moisture impacting the formation of fog and influencing the persistence of pollutants. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular illnesses, should monitor local conditions and limit outdoor exertion during periods of fog or temperature inversions, particularly in winter and early spring.