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Meriç, nestled in the Edirne province of European Turkey, occupies a significant geographical position near the border with Greece and Bulgaria. The city’s coordinates (41.1833, 26.4167) place it within the Thracian plains, a relatively flat and fertile landscape dominated by agricultural activity. The terrain is gently undulating, rising slightly towards the north and east, but generally remains low-lying. The Meriç River (Evros in Greek, Maritsa in Bulgarian), a major waterway of the Balkans, defines the city’s southern boundary and exerts a considerable influence on local climate and air circulation. This proximity to a substantial river system can contribute to humidity and localised fog formation, impacting pollutant dispersion. Surrounding Meriç are extensive agricultural lands, primarily dedicated to sunflower, wheat, and vegetable cultivation. While not heavily industrialised itself, Meriç is within reach of larger industrial centres in Edirne and Istanbul, meaning long-range transport of pollutants is a potential factor. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from the town centre to open farmland. This proximity to agricultural sources introduces potential for particulate matter from field work and seasonal burning of agricultural residue, directly affecting local air quality. The prevailing winds, generally from the north-west, play a crucial role in pollutant transport and dilution.

Meriç experiences a temperate continental climate, with distinct seasonal variations impacting air quality. Spring (March-May) sees increasing agricultural activity, leading to a rise in particulate matter from soil preparation and potential burning. Mild temperatures and occasional rainfall offer some pollutant dispersion, but stable atmospheric conditions can trap pollutants. Summer (June-August) typically presents the cleanest air, with strong winds and higher temperatures promoting good ventilation. However, heatwaves can exacerbate ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) is often marked by a deterioration in air quality. The harvest season brings increased agricultural burning, and the onset of cooler temperatures and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants near the ground. November is often the most polluted month. Winter (December-February) brings cold, damp conditions and reduced sunlight. Heating with solid fuels, common in rural areas surrounding Meriç, contributes significantly to particulate matter pollution. Fog formation is frequent, further reducing visibility and trapping pollutants. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exertion during autumn and winter months. Spring can also pose risks due to pollen and agricultural emissions. Monitoring local conditions and adjusting activity levels accordingly is crucial for maintaining respiratory health.