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Yeşilli, nestled within the Mardin Province of southeastern Turkey, occupies a geographically significant position at the edge of the Mesopotamian plain, a region historically vital for agriculture and trade. Located at approximately 37.34° N, 40.83° E and an elevation of around 850 meters (2,789 feet) above sea level, the town benefits from a relatively elevated plateau landscape. This elevation, while offering panoramic views of the surrounding plains and distant mountains, also contributes to localized air quality challenges. The surrounding landscape is predominantly arid and semi-arid, characterized by rolling hills, agricultural fields (particularly wheat and barley), and scattered villages. The Tigris River, though not directly adjacent, flows within a reasonable distance, influencing regional weather patterns and potentially impacting moisture levels. Yeşilli’s urban character is that of a small, rural town, with a predominantly agricultural economy. There are no major industrial belts immediately surrounding Yeşilli; however, Mardin city, with its limited industrial activity, lies within a 50km radius. The urban-rural gradient is gradual, with agricultural land seamlessly blending into the town’s periphery. The topography, with its gentle slopes and occasional valleys, can trap pollutants, particularly during periods of low wind. The dry climate, typical of the region, exacerbates dust and particulate matter issues, especially during windy seasons. The town’s location within a basin-like area further contributes to the potential for stagnant air and pollutant accumulation, especially when coupled with temperature inversions.

Yeşilli’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by its Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wetter winters. Summer (June-August) presents the most challenging period. High temperatures and minimal rainfall create conditions ripe for dust storms, significantly increasing particulate matter concentrations. The lack of precipitation means pollutants linger longer, and the dry winds readily lift dust from agricultural fields. Temperature inversions, common during calm summer nights, trap pollutants close to the ground. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement as winds increase and occasional rainfall helps to cleanse the air. However, agricultural activities, such as plowing and fertilizer application, can temporarily elevate ammonia and particulate levels. Autumn (September-November) offers a period of relatively cleaner air, with moderate winds and occasional rainfall. The cooler temperatures also reduce the intensity of dust storms. Winter (December-February) brings the highest rainfall, which naturally washes pollutants from the atmosphere. However, periods of cold, calm weather can lead to fog and temperature inversions, trapping pollutants and reducing visibility. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during the hot, dry summer months and be mindful of potential fog-related air quality issues in winter. Agricultural workers should take precautions against dust exposure during spring and autumn. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial throughout the year.