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Dalaman, nestled in the Muğla Province of southwestern Turkey, occupies a geographically significant position along the Mediterranean coast. Situated at coordinates 36.7667°N, 28.8000°E, the city benefits from a relatively low elevation, averaging around 15 meters above sea level, contributing to a mild climate. The landscape is characterized by a blend of fertile plains, rolling hills, and the majestic Taurus Mountains rising inland. This proximity to both the sea and mountains profoundly influences Dalaman’s air quality. The city is bisected by the Dalaman River, flowing towards the Mediterranean, and is close to the Dalyan delta, a sensitive ecological zone. While not a heavily industrialized hub, Dalaman’s economy is driven by tourism, agriculture (particularly citrus fruits and cotton), and the nearby airport, all of which contribute to localised emissions. The urban-rural gradient is fairly sharp; the city centre is densely populated, transitioning quickly to agricultural lands and forested areas. Prevailing winds generally flow from the Mediterranean, potentially carrying marine aerosols and pollutants inland, while mountainous terrain can trap air masses, exacerbating pollution episodes. The airport, a major source of particulate matter, is located very close to the city centre, impacting local air quality.

Dalaman experiences a distinct Mediterranean climate, impacting air quality throughout the year. Spring (March-May) brings pleasant temperatures and generally good air quality, as rainfall washes away winter pollutants and vegetation begins to absorb carbon dioxide. However, agricultural burning for land preparation can cause temporary spikes in particulate matter. Summer (June-August) is hot and dry, with stable atmospheric conditions and increased ozone formation due to strong sunlight and high temperatures. Tourism peaks during this period, increasing vehicle traffic and associated emissions. Autumn (September-November) sees a return of rainfall, improving air quality, but also increased heating demands as temperatures cool, leading to localised wood and coal burning. Winter (December-February) is mild and wet, with occasional temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground, particularly from domestic heating sources. Fog can also contribute to increased particulate matter concentrations. Sensitive individuals, such as those with respiratory conditions, should be particularly cautious during the summer months due to ozone levels and during winter due to particulate matter. Avoiding strenuous outdoor activity during peak heat and periods of stagnant air is advisable. September and October generally offer the best conditions for outdoor activities.