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İkizce, nestled within Ordu Province on Turkey’s Black Sea coast, occupies a geographically complex and strikingly beautiful position. Located at approximately 41.05° N, 37.08° E, the town sits at an elevation of around 650 meters (2,133 feet) above sea level, contributing to a cooler, more humid climate than inland regions. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the Pontic Mountains, a rugged range that significantly influences local weather patterns and air circulation. İkizce’s proximity to the Black Sea (roughly 15 kilometers) introduces a maritime influence, moderating temperatures and increasing humidity, but also bringing occasional sea mists and coastal winds. The town’s urban character is distinctly rural, with a relatively low population density and a strong agricultural base. The dominant land use is a mosaic of small-scale farms and orchards, particularly hazelnuts, a major regional crop. This agricultural activity, while economically vital, can contribute to localized air pollution through the use of fertilizers and machinery emissions. The urban–rural gradient is gradual, with scattered villages and agricultural fields extending outwards from İkizce. There are no major industrial belts immediately adjacent to the town; however, larger industrial areas are located further inland, potentially impacting air quality through long-range transport of pollutants. The mountainous terrain creates a natural barrier, sometimes trapping pollutants and leading to localized air quality challenges, especially during periods of stagnant air. The valley setting also influences wind patterns, often channeling winds through the town, which can both disperse and concentrate pollutants depending on the prevailing conditions.

İkizce’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by its Black Sea climate. Winters (December-February) are characterized by high humidity, frequent rainfall, and periods of dense fog, which can trap pollutants close to the ground, particularly particulate matter from agricultural burning and residential heating. Temperature inversions, common during these months, exacerbate this issue, preventing vertical mixing and concentrating pollutants. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and rainfall decreases, leading to better air dispersion. However, agricultural activities intensify during this period, potentially increasing emissions from fertilizer application and machinery. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with warmer temperatures, stronger winds, and more frequent sunshine promoting pollutant dispersal. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to stagnant air conditions. Autumn (September-November) sees a return to more challenging conditions as temperatures cool and rainfall increases, mirroring the winter pattern. The prevalence of fog during autumn, combined with agricultural activities like harvesting, can lead to elevated levels of particulate matter. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter and autumn months, limiting outdoor activity during periods of fog or stagnant air. During the warmer months, while generally favorable, it’s advisable to monitor local conditions and avoid strenuous outdoor activity during heatwaves. The region’s reliance on wood-burning stoves for heating in some households contributes to localized pollution during colder periods, highlighting the need for cleaner heating alternatives.