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Düziçi, nestled within Osmaniye Province in southern Turkey, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 37.24°N, 36.45°E. The city’s terrain is characterized by a gently sloping landscape, part of the broader Çukurova plain, a fertile agricultural region. Situated at an elevation of roughly 250 meters above sea level, Düziçi benefits from the plain's generally mild climate, but also experiences its inherent geographical challenges regarding air quality. The surrounding landscape is dominated by cultivated fields – primarily cotton, wheat, and vegetables – extending towards the foothills of the Amanos Mountains to the east. This proximity to intensive agricultural practices contributes to seasonal particulate matter, particularly during harvest periods. To the west, the plain gradually transitions into more undulating terrain. The Seyhan River, though not directly adjacent to Düziçi, influences regional weather patterns and contributes to localized humidity. The urban–rural gradient is relatively smooth; Düziçi itself is a sizable town, but it blends seamlessly into the agricultural landscape, lacking a sharp demarcation. While not a major industrial hub, the region supports smaller-scale food processing and agricultural supply industries, which can contribute to localized emissions. The prevailing winds generally flow from the west, carrying pollutants eastward, and the topography can sometimes trap stagnant air, especially during periods of calm weather, exacerbating air quality issues. The city’s location within a major agricultural zone, combined with its gentle topography, creates a unique set of factors influencing its air quality profile.

Düziçi’s air quality exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its Mediterranean climate and agricultural practices. Spring (March-May) generally sees improved air quality as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing accumulated pollutants. However, dust storms originating from the Arabian Peninsula can occasionally impact air quality during this period. Summer (June-August) is typically the most challenging season. High temperatures and prolonged periods of calm weather frequently lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground. Agricultural activities, including pesticide spraying and fertilizer application, also contribute to elevated levels of volatile organic compounds. Autumn (September-November) brings a gradual improvement as harvest season winds down, but agricultural burning, a traditional practice for clearing fields, can significantly degrade air quality in October and November. Winter (December-February) is often characterized by cooler temperatures and increased humidity, which can trap pollutants, particularly during periods of fog. The lack of strong winds during winter months can exacerbate this effect. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor exertion during periods of stagnant air, especially in summer and winter. Agricultural workers should be particularly vigilant about respiratory protection during harvest and burning seasons. Monitoring local weather forecasts for temperature inversions and dust storm warnings is crucial for proactive health management. While spring and autumn generally offer more favourable conditions, even these seasons can be affected by episodic events, highlighting the need for ongoing awareness and precautionary measures.