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Gerze, a coastal town in Sinop Province, Turkey, occupies a geographically significant position on the southern coast of the Black Sea. Situated at coordinates 41.8056°N, 35.1981°E, the town is nestled between the undulating hills of the North Anatolian Mountains and the Black Sea coastline. The terrain is characterised by a mix of forested slopes and narrow coastal plains, with an elevation that gradually increases inland. This proximity to the sea exerts a strong moderating influence on the local climate, contributing to relatively high humidity and milder temperatures compared to inland areas. Gerze’s urban character is that of a small, developing town, with a population of approximately 19,144. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, featuring hazelnut orchards and small-scale farming, alongside significant forested areas. While not a major industrial hub, the presence of smaller workshops and local industries contributes to localised emissions. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from the town centre to agricultural lands and forested hills. The Black Sea’s prevailing winds play a crucial role in dispersing pollutants, but can also trap them during periods of calm or temperature inversion, impacting air quality, particularly in the lower-lying areas of the town.

Gerze experiences a temperate Black Sea climate, profoundly influencing its air quality patterns. Winters (December-February) are typically wet and cloudy, with prevailing winds from the north-east helping to disperse pollutants, though temperature inversions can occur, trapping moisture and localised emissions near the ground. Spring (March-May) sees increasing temperatures and rainfall, leading to improved air quality as vegetation absorbs pollutants and rainfall washes them away. This is generally the most favourable period for outdoor activity. Summers (June-August) are mild and relatively dry, with occasional heatwaves. While overall pollutant concentrations are lower due to increased atmospheric mixing, ozone formation can become a concern on hot, sunny days. Autumn (September-November) brings increased rainfall and a return to cooler temperatures, again improving air quality. However, the burning of agricultural waste after harvest can temporarily elevate particulate matter levels. Sensitive groups, such as those with respiratory conditions, should be particularly cautious during autumn and winter when conditions are more conducive to pollution build-up. Fog, common in the cooler months, can exacerbate respiratory issues. Monitoring wind direction is key; onshore winds can bring marine aerosols, while offshore winds may carry pollutants from inland sources.