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Suşehri, nestled in the Sivas Province of Turkey at coordinates 40.1658°N, 38.0942°E, occupies a significant position within the Central Anatolia region. The city’s elevation, approximately 1,350 meters (4,429 feet) above sea level, contributes to a continental climate characterized by cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers. Suşehri is situated within a broad valley, surrounded by the gently rolling hills and plateaus typical of the Anatolian interior. The Kızılırmak River, Turkey’s longest river, flows nearby, influencing local microclimates and providing a vital water source, though not directly adjacent to the urban core. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with wheat and barley fields dominating the plains, interspersed with orchards. While Suşehri isn’t a major industrial hub, regional agricultural practices – including the burning of agricultural waste – and transportation routes contribute to baseline particulate matter levels. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; the city itself is compact, with a rapid transition to open farmland. This topography can exacerbate pollution events, as valleys can trap pollutants during temperature inversions, limiting dispersion. The prevailing winds, generally from the west, play a crucial role in pollutant transport and dilution, but can also carry pollutants from regional sources.

Suşehri’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter, from December to February, typically sees the poorest air quality. Cold temperatures lead to increased reliance on coal and wood for heating, releasing significant particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Temperature inversions are common during these months, trapping pollutants near the ground. Snowfall, while cleansing, can also temporarily worsen conditions by compressing pollutants. Spring (March-May) brings gradual improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, though dust from agricultural activities can become prominent. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, with prevailing winds aiding dispersion and minimal heating. However, prolonged drought conditions can exacerbate dust storms. Autumn (September-November) sees a transition period. Agricultural burning of crop residue after harvest significantly impacts air quality, particularly in October and November, contributing to elevated particulate matter. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and autumn months. Monitoring wind patterns is crucial; periods of calm weather will likely correlate with poorer air quality. Staying indoors during peak pollution times and using air purifiers are recommended preventative measures.