Hayrabolu, nestled within the Tekirdağ Province of Turkey, occupies a strategically important position in the Thracian region, approximately 70 kilometers northwest of Istanbul. Its coordinates (41.2131, 27.1000) place it on a gently undulating plain, characterized by fertile agricultural lands and a gradual transition towards the Marmara Sea coastline. The terrain is predominantly flat, facilitating agricultural practices, particularly grain cultivation and livestock farming, which contribute to the local economy. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of fields, orchards, and scattered villages, representing a clear urban–rural gradient as Hayrabolu itself is a relatively small town. Elevation is low, rarely exceeding 100 meters above sea level, which can influence local wind patterns and, consequently, air quality. While not directly bordering the Marmara Sea, its proximity (roughly 20 kilometers) means it is susceptible to maritime influences, including sea breezes and potential transport of pollutants from coastal industrial areas and the larger Istanbul metropolitan region. The town’s location within a broader agricultural belt means that seasonal agricultural activities, such as fertilizer application and harvesting, can impact local air quality. Furthermore, the increasing traffic flow along the E-8 highway, connecting Istanbul and Edirne, introduces vehicular emissions into the area, adding to the complexity of Hayrabolu’s air quality profile. The relatively open terrain allows for some dispersion of pollutants, but also means that long-range transport of pollutants from elsewhere in Turkey and the Balkans can be a factor.

Hayrabolu’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. Spring (March-May) often brings a noticeable increase in particulate matter due to agricultural activities – plowing, fertilizer spreading, and the initial stages of harvesting. The warming temperatures and increased sunlight can also lead to higher levels of ground-level ozone, particularly during periods of stagnant air. Summer (June-August) typically sees improved air quality due to stronger prevailing winds from the Marmara Sea, which help to disperse pollutants. However, heatwaves can occasionally trigger temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground. Autumn (September-November) presents a mixed picture. While wind patterns generally remain favourable, agricultural burning, a traditional practice in some areas, can contribute to localized spikes in smoke and particulate matter. The cooler temperatures can also lead to increased fog formation, which can trap pollutants. Winter (December-February) is often the most challenging period. Cold, stable air masses frequently lead to temperature inversions, preventing vertical mixing and trapping pollutants close to the surface. Reduced sunlight hours and lower wind speeds further exacerbate the problem. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit prolonged outdoor activity during these periods, particularly on days with visible haze or fog. During the spring and summer months, avoiding strenuous activity during peak ozone hours (typically mid-morning to early afternoon) is advisable. Maintaining awareness of local weather forecasts and air quality reports is crucial for making informed decisions about outdoor exposure throughout the year.