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Çarşıbaşı, nestled within the Trabzon Province of Turkey, occupies a geographically compelling position along the Black Sea coast. Located at coordinates 41.0833° N, 39.3833° E, the town’s terrain is dramatically defined by the Pontic Mountains, which rise steeply from the shoreline. This creates a narrow coastal strip where Çarşıbaşı is situated, influencing local wind patterns and air circulation. The elevation varies significantly within the municipality, contributing to microclimates and localized pollution dispersion. The Black Sea itself exerts a moderating influence on temperatures, but also contributes to high humidity and potential for fog formation. Surrounding Çarşıbaşı are lush, green landscapes dominated by tea plantations – a significant agricultural activity in the region – and forested hillsides. While not a major industrial hub itself, Çarşıbaşı is within reach of Trabzon city, a regional industrial and commercial centre, meaning some transported pollutants can affect air quality. The urban-rural gradient is quite sharp; transitioning quickly from the town’s built environment to agricultural land and dense forest. This proximity to natural areas generally aids in some pollutant dispersal, but the mountainous topography can trap air masses, exacerbating pollution episodes during calm weather conditions. The coastal location means sea breezes play a crucial role in ventilation, but can also transport marine aerosols.

Air quality in Çarşıbaşı follows a distinct seasonal pattern, heavily influenced by meteorological conditions and agricultural practices. Spring (March-May) sees increasing rainfall, which helps to wash away accumulated pollutants from the winter months, generally offering improved air quality. However, the start of tea plantation activity, involving some burning of vegetation for land preparation, can temporarily elevate particulate matter. Summer (June-August) typically experiences the cleanest air, benefiting from consistent sea breezes and higher temperatures promoting dispersion. Autumn (September-November) brings increased humidity and the potential for temperature inversions, trapping pollutants closer to the ground, particularly from residential heating as temperatures cool. November often sees the highest levels of particulate matter. Winter (December-February) is characterised by reduced sunlight, increased use of coal and wood for heating, and calmer wind conditions, leading to poorer air quality. Fog is also common, exacerbating particulate pollution. Sensitive groups – the elderly, children, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exertion during November and December. Months of June, July and August are generally most favourable for outdoor activities. Monitoring wind direction is crucial; winds from the direction of Trabzon city may carry higher pollution levels.