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Sorgun, nestled within the Yozgat province of Turkey, occupies a geographically significant position in the Central Anatolian region. Located at approximately 39.8144° N, 35.1903° E, the city sits at an elevation of around 1,150 meters (3,773 feet) above sea level, contributing to a generally cooler climate compared to coastal areas. The surrounding landscape is predominantly characterized by expansive steppe grasslands, a typical feature of Central Anatolia, punctuated by gently rolling hills and occasional agricultural fields. This vast, open terrain influences air circulation patterns, often facilitating the dispersion of pollutants, but also making the region susceptible to dust storms originating from the surrounding arid lands. Sorgun’s urban character is that of a developing market town, serving as a regional hub for agricultural produce from the surrounding farmlands, primarily wheat and barley. While industrial activity is limited, there's a presence of small-scale food processing and agricultural machinery workshops. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp; the city transitions quickly into agricultural land, with scattered villages and livestock grazing areas defining the immediate periphery. The absence of major rivers or lakes within close proximity means humidity levels are generally low, which can impact the behaviour of airborne particulate matter. The regional position, far from major industrial belts, initially suggests lower pollution levels, but agricultural practices and occasional dust events can significantly impact local air quality. The terrain, with its gentle slopes, can also contribute to localized temperature inversions under certain meteorological conditions, trapping pollutants near the ground.

Sorgun’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by its continental climate. Summers (June-August) are typically hot and dry, with minimal rainfall. This dryness, coupled with high temperatures, can exacerbate dust intrusion from the surrounding steppe, leading to elevated particulate matter concentrations. The lack of precipitation means there's little natural cleansing of the atmosphere during these months. Spring (March-May) and Autumn (September-November) offer more moderate temperatures and occasional rainfall, generally improving air quality. However, spring can also bring increased agricultural activity, potentially releasing ammonia from fertilizers, impacting local air quality. Winter (December-February) presents a unique challenge. Cold temperatures often lead to temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air (and pollutants) near the ground. This phenomenon, combined with reduced wind speeds and occasional fog, can result in stagnant air and a build-up of pollutants. Months like December and January are particularly prone to these conditions. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit prolonged outdoor exposure during winter mornings and days with dense fog. During the summer months, staying hydrated and avoiding strenuous activity during peak heat hours is advisable. Agricultural workers should be mindful of potential exposure to ammonia during spring and autumn. Overall, Sorgun’s air quality is most favourable during the transitional months of spring and autumn, when rainfall and moderate temperatures help to disperse pollutants.