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Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi, nestled in the Cherkaska Oblast of Ukraine, occupies a geographically significant position within the Dnieper River basin. The city is situated on the banks of the Ros River, a tributary of the Dnieper, at an elevation of approximately 85-90 meters above sea level. The surrounding landscape is characterised by gently rolling hills and fertile plains, typical of the Ukrainian heartland. Historically, the area was part of a broader forested steppe zone, though agricultural land now dominates the immediate vicinity. This agricultural intensity, primarily focused on grain and sunflower cultivation, contributes to seasonal particulate matter pollution from field preparation and harvesting. The urban character of Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi is that of a small, provincial city, with a clear urban-rural gradient as one moves away from the central districts. While not a major industrial hub, the presence of smaller-scale agricultural processing facilities and local manufacturing contributes to localised emissions. The Ros River, while providing a water resource, can also act as a conduit for pollutant dispersion, particularly during periods of low flow. The city’s location within a relatively flat terrain can exacerbate the impact of temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near ground level. Understanding these geographical factors is crucial for assessing and mitigating air quality challenges.

Air quality in Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern. Spring (March-May) often sees a rise in particulate matter due to agricultural activities – plowing, sowing, and the burning of residual vegetation. Winds are variable, sometimes offering dispersion, but temperature inversions can trap pollutants. Summer (June-August) generally experiences better air quality, aided by higher wind speeds and rainfall which helps to wash pollutants from the atmosphere. However, prolonged heatwaves can lead to increased ground-level ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) brings a second peak in particulate matter, linked to harvesting and the preparation of fields for winter. Fog is common during this period, exacerbating pollution. Winter (December-February) is typically the period of poorest air quality. Reduced sunlight and stable atmospheric conditions promote pollutant accumulation from residential heating, primarily wood and coal burning. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exertion during these colder months. November and December are particularly challenging. The Ros River’s flow rate is lowest in winter, reducing its capacity to dilute pollutants. Monitoring wind direction is key, as pollutants can accumulate if winds are weak or consistently from the same direction.