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Dobropillia, nestled within Ukraine’s Donetska Oblast, occupies a geographically significant position in the eastern part of the country. Located at coordinates 48.4689, 37.0828, the city sits within the Donbas region, a historically industrial heartland. The terrain is characterised by rolling hills and plateaus, typical of the Donetsk Ridge, with an elevation that contributes to localised weather patterns. While not directly adjacent to a major body of water, the city lies within a network of smaller rivers and streams that drain the surrounding agricultural lands. Historically, Dobropillia’s development has been intrinsically linked to coal mining, and the presence of numerous coal mines and associated processing facilities heavily influences the regional air quality. The surrounding landscape is a mix of cultivated fields – primarily grain and sunflower – interspersed with remnants of industrial activity and areas of steppe vegetation. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from the concentrated industrial and residential areas of Dobropillia to the more open agricultural plains. This proximity to both industrial sources and agricultural practices creates a complex interplay of pollutants, impacting local air quality and dispersal patterns. The prevailing winds, often from the northwest, can carry pollutants across the city and into neighbouring areas, exacerbating air quality concerns.

Dobropillia experiences a continental climate, resulting in distinct seasonal variations in air quality. Spring (March-May) often sees a temporary improvement as rainfall washes away accumulated winter pollutants, but agricultural burning for land preparation can introduce localised spikes in particulate matter. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, with prevailing winds aiding dispersion, though high temperatures can promote ground-level ozone formation. However, dry conditions can also increase dust from agricultural fields and exposed coal stockpiles. Autumn (September-November) marks a deterioration in air quality as heating systems are activated, increasing emissions from coal combustion for both industrial processes and residential heating. Temperature inversions become more frequent during this period, trapping pollutants near the ground. Winter (December-February) is typically the worst period for air quality, characterised by prolonged cold temperatures, increased coal burning, and stable atmospheric conditions that prevent pollutant dispersal. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during cold, still days. Fog, common in winter, can exacerbate particulate matter concentrations. Months to avoid prolonged outdoor exposure are November through February, while June and July generally offer the most favourable conditions.