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Myrnohrad, situated in the Donetska Oblast of eastern Ukraine, occupies a position within the undulating terrain of the Donbas region. Located at coordinates 48.2911° N, 37.2681° E, the city’s elevation contributes to localized weather patterns and pollutant dispersion. The surrounding landscape is characterised by steppe and forest-steppe, transitioning into more heavily industrialised areas further east. Historically, the region has been a significant coal mining hub, and Myrnohrad itself is deeply connected to this industry, influencing its urban character and, crucially, its air quality. The city isn’t directly adjacent to major bodies of water, but lies within the drainage basin of the Donets River, impacting regional humidity. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural lands surrounding the city, though these are increasingly interspersed with industrial facilities and mining operations. This proximity to both agricultural activity (potential for ammonia emissions) and heavy industry (particulate matter, sulfur dioxide) creates a complex pollution profile. The prevailing winds, often from the northwest, can carry pollutants from surrounding industrial zones directly over Myrnohrad, exacerbating air quality concerns. The city’s layout, typical of Soviet-era planning, features concentrated residential areas near industrial sites, increasing population exposure.

Myrnohrad experiences a continental climate, resulting in distinct seasonal air quality variations. Winter (December-February) often sees the poorest air quality, driven by increased coal combustion for heating, coupled with temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground. Calm, cold conditions prevent dispersion, leading to high concentrations of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Spring (March-May) brings some improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, but dust from agricultural activities and potential wildfires can temporarily elevate particulate matter levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with warmer temperatures promoting dispersion and rainfall acting as a natural scrubber. However, prolonged heatwaves can create stagnant air conditions, leading to ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) is a transitional period, with decreasing temperatures and the resumption of heating, leading to a gradual decline in air quality. October and November are particularly concerning as early heating systems are often less efficient. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and early spring. Monitoring wind direction is crucial; periods with winds from the east or northeast are likely to bring pollutants from major industrial sources.