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Yasynuvata, situated in the Donetska Oblast of eastern Ukraine (48.1278° N, 37.8625° E), occupies a geographically complex position within the Donbas region. The city’s terrain is characterized by gently rolling hills and valleys, a typical feature of the Ukrainian Shield’s periphery, resulting in a modest elevation averaging around 180 meters above sea level. This undulating landscape, while aesthetically pleasing, contributes to localized air quality challenges. Yasynuvata lies within a historically industrial belt, close to larger urban centers like Donetsk, and is surrounded by a mix of agricultural land and former mining areas. The surrounding landscape is predominantly steppe, transitioning to more forested areas further west. While not directly adjacent to a major river, the nearby Bakhmutka River influences local humidity and can impact the dispersion of pollutants, particularly during periods of low wind. The urban–rural gradient around Yasynuvata is relatively sharp, with agricultural fields and smaller settlements bordering the city limits. Historically, the region’s heavy reliance on coal mining and related industries has left a legacy of industrial contamination in the soil and water, which can indirectly affect air quality through fugitive emissions and dust resuspension. The city’s location within a basin-like topography can exacerbate air pollution episodes, trapping pollutants and hindering their dispersal, especially when coupled with unfavorable meteorological conditions. The proximity to active and abandoned mining sites also presents a risk of methane release and dust pollution.

Yasynuvata’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by regional weather patterns. Winter (December-February) typically presents the most challenging conditions. Cold temperatures frequently lead to temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, preventing the vertical mixing of pollutants. This, combined with reduced sunlight hours and increased domestic heating (often using coal or wood), results in elevated particulate matter concentrations. Fog, common during these months, further exacerbates the problem by trapping pollutants close to the ground. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and wind speeds increase, aiding in pollutant dispersion. However, agricultural activities, including fertilizer application and plowing, can contribute to ammonia and dust emissions. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with warm temperatures, frequent rainfall, and consistent winds. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) sees a return to more challenging conditions as temperatures cool and wind patterns become less predictable. The burning of agricultural residues, a common practice in the region, significantly contributes to particulate matter and carbon monoxide pollution during this period. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter and autumn, limiting outdoor activity on days with stagnant air or visible haze. During the warmer months, limiting strenuous outdoor activity during peak ozone hours is advisable. Regular monitoring of local weather forecasts and air quality reports is crucial for informed decision-making.