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Berezan, situated in the Kyivska Oblast of Ukraine at coordinates 50.3197°N, 31.4700°E, occupies a unique geographical position within the Dnieper Lowland. The city’s terrain is largely flat, characteristic of this region, with a gentle slope towards the Dnipro River, which lies to the east. This proximity to a major waterway significantly influences local climate and potential pollutant dispersion. Berezan’s urban character is that of a small, developing town, transitioning from a primarily agricultural economy to one with emerging light industrial activity. Surrounding the city are extensive agricultural lands, primarily dedicated to grain and sunflower cultivation. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with farmland immediately bordering the town’s periphery. While not directly within a major industrial belt, the broader Kyiv Oblast experiences industrial emissions from larger centres, which can be transported by prevailing winds. The flat topography and occasional temperature inversions can trap pollutants, reducing air circulation. The soil composition is predominantly chernozem, fertile black earth, which, while beneficial for agriculture, can contribute to dust particulate matter during dry periods. Understanding these geographical factors is crucial for assessing and mitigating air quality challenges in Berezan.

Air quality in Berezan follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Spring (March-May) often sees a rise in particulate matter due to agricultural activities – plowing and sowing release dust into the air, exacerbated by potential winds. Rainfall during this period can temporarily improve conditions, but dampness also encourages mold spore dispersal. Summer (June-August) typically experiences better air quality, aided by higher temperatures and increased wind speeds which promote dispersion, though ozone formation can be a concern on hot, sunny days. August, coinciding with harvest, can see localised increases in dust. Autumn (September-November) brings a deterioration in air quality. Burning of agricultural residue after harvest is a significant contributor to particulate pollution, often coinciding with temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the ground. November is often the most polluted month. Winter (December-February) sees reduced sunlight and stable atmospheric conditions, leading to the accumulation of pollutants from heating sources – coal and wood burning are common in residential areas. Fog is frequent, further trapping pollutants. Sensitive groups, including children and the elderly, should limit outdoor activity during autumn and winter, and consider using air purifiers indoors. Springtime allergy sufferers should monitor pollen counts.