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Boryslav, nestled within the Lvivska Oblast of western Ukraine, occupies a geographically significant position within the Carpathian foothills. Located at approximately 49.2892° N, 23.4189° E, the city’s terrain is characterized by rolling hills and valleys, a consequence of the region’s geological history and proximity to the Carpathian Mountains. Its elevation, around 350 meters above sea level, contributes to localized microclimates and influences air circulation patterns. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural land – primarily grain and potato cultivation – interspersed with deciduous forests, typical of the Ukrainian Polissia. This agricultural activity, while vital to the regional economy, can contribute to seasonal particulate matter emissions. Boryslav’s location is approximately 60 kilometers southeast of Lviv, Ukraine’s seventh-largest city, placing it within a moderate urban–rural gradient. While not a major industrial hub itself, Boryslav historically benefited from its proximity to the broader industrial belt of western Ukraine, and remnants of past industrial activity, including oil extraction, can still influence local air quality. The Dniester River, though not directly adjacent, flows within a reasonable distance, impacting regional humidity and potentially influencing the dispersion of pollutants. The topography, combined with prevailing wind patterns from the Carpathian range, can lead to periods of stagnant air, particularly during temperature inversions, trapping pollutants within the valley.

Boryslav’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions. Spring (March-May) often brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and snowmelt reduces humidity, though agricultural burning practices can temporarily elevate particulate levels. Summer (June-August) generally sees the best air quality, with consistent winds dispersing pollutants and frequent rainfall cleansing the atmosphere. However, periods of intense heat can exacerbate ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) presents a more complex picture. As temperatures cool, the likelihood of temperature inversions increases, trapping pollutants near the ground. Agricultural activities, including harvesting and field preparation, contribute to increased particulate matter. The combination of cooler temperatures and stagnant air often leads to the poorest air quality of the year. Winter (December-February) is characterized by cold, stable air and frequent fog, which significantly reduces atmospheric mixing and traps pollutants. The use of solid fuel for heating in homes, a common practice in the region, is a major contributor to particulate pollution during these months. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during periods of fog and temperature inversions, particularly in the autumn and winter. Avoiding strenuous exercise during these times is also advisable. Public health advisories regarding air quality are crucial during these peak pollution periods.