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Novyi Buh, nestled within the Mykolaivska Oblast of Ukraine at coordinates 47.6833, 32.5000, occupies a geographically significant position in the south of the country. The city’s terrain is largely flat, characteristic of the broader Southern Bug basin, with a gentle slope towards the Ingul River, a key hydrological feature influencing the local climate and potential pollutant dispersion. With a population of approximately 15,000, Novyi Buh is a relatively small urban centre, exhibiting a distinct urban-rural gradient as it transitions into the surrounding agricultural lands. The region is predominantly agricultural, focused on grain and sunflower cultivation, with associated activities like fertilizer application and crop residue burning potentially contributing to particulate matter pollution. The proximity to the Southern Bug National Natural Park, while ecologically valuable, can also create localized microclimates affecting air circulation. Historically, the area has seen some industrial activity related to agricultural processing, though this is less concentrated than in larger Ukrainian cities. The prevailing winds, generally from the northwest, play a crucial role in transporting pollutants, potentially drawing in influences from regional industrial centres and dispersing local emissions. Understanding this interplay between agricultural practices, riverine influences, and wind patterns is vital for assessing and mitigating air quality challenges in Novyi Buh.

Novyi Buh experiences a temperate continental climate, resulting in distinct seasonal air quality patterns. Spring (March-May) often sees a rise in particulate matter due to agricultural burning and dust from thawing ground, exacerbated by moderate winds. Summer (June-August) typically offers the cleanest air, with rainfall washing away pollutants and stronger winds aiding dispersion, though occasional heatwaves can trap pollutants near the ground. However, increased ozone formation is possible during prolonged sunny periods. Autumn (September-November) brings a return of agricultural burning, combined with the onset of temperature inversions – a common phenomenon where a layer of warm air traps cooler, polluted air below – leading to poorer air quality. November is often the most challenging month. Winter (December-February) sees reduced agricultural activity, but heating with coal or wood in residential areas becomes a significant source of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Calm, stable air masses are frequent, intensifying pollution episodes. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions, should limit strenuous outdoor activity during autumn and winter. Springtime exposure should be moderated due to agricultural dust. Monitoring wind direction and avoiding activity during temperature inversions are crucial preventative measures.