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Chornomorsk, nestled on the Black Sea coast within Odeska Oblast, Ukraine, occupies a geographically significant position at the crossroads of maritime and continental influences. Its coordinates (46.0000, 18.0000) place it within a relatively low-lying coastal plain, averaging just 15 meters above sea level, contributing to a limited vertical mixing of air pollutants. The city’s urban character is a blend of historical port infrastructure and post-Soviet residential development, sprawling along the shoreline and gradually transitioning into agricultural lands. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the expansive Black Sea to the south, providing a crucial ventilation pathway under favourable wind conditions, but also a potential source of marine aerosols. Inland, the terrain rises gently, giving way to fertile steppes and agricultural zones, primarily dedicated to grain cultivation and sunflower production. This proximity to intensive agriculture introduces potential sources of ammonia and particulate matter from fertilizer application and field burning practices, particularly during harvest seasons. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural activities impacting air quality in the immediate vicinity of the city. Further inland, the Dnistro-Bug estuary influences local weather patterns and can trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The port itself, a vital economic hub, contributes to air pollution through shipping emissions and industrial activities related to cargo handling and processing, impacting the immediate coastal zone and potentially extending inland depending on wind direction. The Black Sea’s influence moderates temperatures, but also introduces humidity, which can affect the dispersion of pollutants.

Chornomorsk’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological factors. Summer (June-August) typically sees the highest temperatures and calmest conditions, frequently leading to temperature inversions, particularly during clear nights. These inversions trap pollutants near the ground, exacerbating issues from port activities and agricultural emissions. The lack of consistent wind during this period limits dispersion. Autumn (September-November) brings a gradual shift, with increased wind speeds and rainfall, generally improving air quality. However, agricultural burning, a traditional practice in the region, can significantly degrade air quality during harvest, releasing substantial particulate matter and noxious gases. Winter (December-February) is often characterized by cold, damp conditions and periods of fog, which can trap pollutants and reduce visibility. While temperatures are lower, the lack of ventilation during foggy periods can lead to localized air quality concerns. Spring (March-May) generally offers the best air quality, with increasing temperatures, stronger winds, and frequent rainfall, effectively flushing out accumulated pollutants. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during summer evenings and autumn harvest periods, limiting outdoor exertion and monitoring for respiratory irritation. The proximity to the Black Sea means that marine aerosols can contribute to respiratory issues, particularly for those with pre-existing conditions. Periods of agricultural burning should be avoided entirely, and air quality alerts should be heeded.