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Mexborough, a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England, occupies a geographically constrained position within the Dearne Valley. Its coordinates (53.4992, -1.2830) place it on relatively flat terrain, typical of the wider Yorkshire coalfield, at an elevation of approximately 60-80 metres above sea level. Historically, the town’s development was intrinsically linked to coal mining and iron production, industries that left a lasting imprint on the local landscape and, crucially, air quality. The River Dearne flows nearby, though historically heavily impacted by industrial runoff, and its presence contributes to localised humidity and potential for temperature inversions. Mexborough sits within a transitioning urban-rural gradient; while the town itself is densely populated (15,244 residents), it’s immediately surrounded by reclaimed industrial land and agricultural fields. To the east, the landscape rises towards the Pennine foothills. This valley location, combined with prevailing westerly winds, can trap pollutants emitted from both local sources and those transported from larger industrial centres further west. The proximity to the M1 motorway also introduces a significant source of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. The legacy of heavy industry, coupled with modern transport links, creates a complex air quality profile for Mexborough.

Mexborough’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter (December-February) typically sees the poorest air quality, driven by increased reliance on solid fuel heating, often coal or wood, in residential areas, and the prevalence of temperature inversions trapping pollutants close to the ground. Calm, cold conditions exacerbate this, leading to higher concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Spring (March-May) offers a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, though agricultural activities can contribute to ammonia emissions. Summer (June-August) generally experiences the best air quality, benefiting from prevailing winds dispersing pollutants and increased atmospheric mixing. However, periods of high pressure can still lead to stagnation. Autumn (September-November) sees a deterioration as heating use increases again, and damp conditions can promote the formation of secondary pollutants. Fog, common in the Dearne Valley during autumn and winter, further concentrates pollutants. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter months and periods of stagnant weather. Monitoring local forecasts and avoiding peak traffic times can also help mitigate exposure.