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Shoreham-by-Sea, nestled on the southern coast of West Sussex, occupies a unique and geographically significant position within the Adur Valley. The town’s character is defined by its coastal location, where the River Adur meets the English Channel, creating a dynamic interface between urban development and the natural environment. The surrounding landscape is a blend of gently sloping chalk hills, characteristic of the South Downs, and the flat, fertile coastal plain. This terrain influences local air circulation patterns; prevailing southwesterly winds often bring in maritime air, but can also channel pollutants from inland sources. Shoreham’s elevation is relatively low, averaging around 10-20 meters above sea level, which can exacerbate the trapping of pollutants during temperature inversions. The town sits within a gradual urban–rural gradient, transitioning from the built environment of Brighton and Hove to the agricultural fields and open countryside further north. Historically, Shoreham was a significant port, and while industrial activity has lessened, remnants of past industries, including oil storage facilities and light manufacturing, remain, contributing localized pollution sources. The proximity to the A27, a major arterial route, introduces road traffic emissions, a constant factor in the town’s air quality profile. The River Adur itself, while providing a scenic backdrop, can also contribute to localised air quality issues through the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from estuarine processes. The surrounding South Downs National Park offers a natural buffer, but its influence is tempered by the town’s coastal exposure and proximity to larger urban centres.

Shoreham-by-Sea’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal rhythm, largely dictated by meteorological conditions. Winter months, typically December to February, often present the greatest challenges. Temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, are more frequent during this period, hindering the dispersion of pollutants. Calm, still conditions exacerbate this effect, leading to a build-up of emissions from domestic heating, road traffic, and any remaining industrial sources. Fog, common in winter, further restricts air movement. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement as winds increase and temperatures rise, aiding in pollutant dispersal. However, pollen levels also increase, impacting those with respiratory sensitivities. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with consistent breezes sweeping away pollutants. However, periods of intense heat can lead to increased ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) marks a transition period, with decreasing daylight hours and increasing rainfall. While rain can help cleanse the air, the return of cooler temperatures and calmer conditions can trigger localized pollution episodes. Individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions should be particularly cautious during the winter months and be prepared to limit outdoor activity on days with poor visibility or stagnant air. Children and the elderly are also more vulnerable and should take precautions, such as avoiding peak traffic times and staying indoors when air quality is compromised. Regular monitoring of local air quality forecasts is recommended for all residents.