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Henderson, Kentucky, nestled in the Purchase District of the state, occupies a geographically significant position within the broader Ohio River Valley. Its coordinates (37.8397, -87.5798) place it on relatively flat terrain, characteristic of the Western Kentucky Coalfield, with an average elevation of around 531 feet above sea level. The city’s location is defined by its proximity to the Ohio River, approximately 20 miles to the north, which influences regional weather patterns and, historically, facilitated transportation and industry. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, a patchwork of fertile farmlands dedicated to corn, soybeans, and tobacco – a legacy of the region’s rich soil and favorable climate. This agricultural zone creates a gradual urban–rural gradient, with Henderson representing a small urban center surrounded by extensive rural areas. To the east, the landscape begins to gently rise, transitioning towards the rolling hills of southern Kentucky. While Henderson itself lacks significant industrial zones within its immediate boundaries, it sits within a broader industrial belt that extends along the Ohio River, impacting regional air quality. The relatively flat topography and prevailing wind patterns can contribute to the stagnation of pollutants, particularly during periods of stable atmospheric conditions. The lack of substantial topographic barriers means that pollutants from neighboring areas can readily impact Henderson's air quality, making regional cooperation on environmental issues crucial. The climate, a humid subtropical type, further complicates air quality management, with warm, humid summers and relatively mild winters.

Henderson’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle driven by meteorological factors. Spring (March-May) often brings increased pollen counts, impacting respiratory health, but generally good air quality due to increased rainfall and wind dispersion. Summer (June-August) presents the greatest challenge. High temperatures and humidity create stagnant air conditions, frequently leading to temperature inversions where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, preventing pollutants from dispersing. Agricultural activities, including fertilizer application and harvesting, can also contribute to emissions during this period. Fall (September-November) typically sees improved air quality as temperatures cool and wind patterns become more variable, though occasional stagnant periods can still occur. Winter (December-February) can be problematic due to the prevalence of fog and temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground. The lack of strong winds during these months exacerbates the issue. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions like asthma, should limit outdoor exertion during periods of stagnant air, particularly in the summer and winter months. Monitoring local weather forecasts for indications of temperature inversions or fog is advisable. While rainfall generally improves air quality, it can also temporarily increase particulate matter as dust is stirred up. Avoiding outdoor activities during peak pollution times, such as early morning, is recommended, and using air purifiers indoors can provide additional protection.