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Riviera Beach, Maryland, occupies a unique and vulnerable position along the Patapsco River, a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. Situated in Anne Arundel County, the city’s geography is characterized by a low-lying coastal plain, with elevations rarely exceeding 30 feet above sea level. This flatness, combined with its proximity to the river and the Bay, makes it susceptible to flooding and influences local air circulation patterns. The surrounding landscape is a blend of residential areas, small industrial zones, and agricultural land, transitioning into more rural areas further inland. The urban–rural gradient is relatively gentle, with pockets of farmland interspersed within the county. To the west, the terrain gradually rises, offering some shielding from prevailing winds, while the eastern exposure to the Chesapeake Bay allows for maritime influences and potential transport of pollutants from distant sources. Historically, the area supported oyster harvesting and maritime industries, and remnants of these activities contribute to the local character. The Patapsco River acts as a significant transport corridor, potentially carrying pollutants from upstream industrial areas. The relatively small size of Riviera Beach (population 12,608) means that localized emissions from vehicles and small businesses can have a disproportionate impact on air quality within the city limits. The surrounding region's mix of residential, agricultural, and light industrial land use contributes to a complex interplay of pollution sources, making air quality management a nuanced challenge.

Riviera Beach experiences a humid subtropical climate, significantly impacting its air quality throughout the year. Spring (March-May) often sees elevated pollen counts, exacerbating respiratory issues and contributing to a hazy atmosphere. While winds generally increase, temperature inversions can still occur, trapping pollutants near the ground, particularly during calmer periods. Summer (June-August) brings hot, humid conditions, which can promote the formation of ground-level ozone, a key component of smog. Stagnant air masses are common, hindering pollutant dispersal. The Chesapeake Bay’s influence moderates temperatures somewhat, but the humidity intensifies the effects of ozone. Fall (September-November) typically offers the most favorable air quality, with cooler temperatures, increased wind speeds, and fewer temperature inversions. However, agricultural burning in surrounding areas can occasionally introduce particulate matter. Winter (December-February) presents a mixed picture. Cold, clear days can be pleasant, but frequent fog and temperature inversions, especially during still nights, can trap pollutants, leading to periods of poor air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should be particularly cautious during spring and summer mornings and on days with stagnant air. Limiting outdoor exertion during peak ozone hours (typically mid-day) and avoiding areas with high traffic volume are advisable. Monitoring local weather forecasts for temperature inversions and fog is crucial for informed decision-making regarding outdoor activities.