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Cheney, Washington, nestled in Spokane County, occupies a geographically significant position within the Inland Northwest. Situated at an elevation of approximately 2,234 feet (681 meters) above sea level, the city experiences a continental climate heavily influenced by its location within the Columbia Plateau. The surrounding landscape is characterized by rolling hills, agricultural fields, and the gradual transition to the steeper terrain of the Selkirk and Cabinet Mountains to the north and east. Cheney’s proximity to Spokane, the region’s largest urban center, creates a subtle urban–rural gradient; Cheney retains a distinct small-town character while benefiting from Spokane’s economic and cultural resources. The city lies within the drainage basin of the Spokane River, though Cheney itself is not directly adjacent to a major body of water. Dominantly agricultural, the surrounding area features wheat fields and orchards, contributing to seasonal dust and potential agricultural emissions. While not a major industrial hub, Cheney does have some light industrial activity and is within commuting distance of Spokane’s industrial zones. Topography plays a crucial role in air quality; the plateau’s relatively flat expanse can allow for the stagnation of pollutants, particularly during temperature inversions. The prevailing westerly winds, however, generally provide some degree of dispersion, though their effectiveness is modulated by the surrounding terrain. The region's climate, with its cold winters and hot, dry summers, further influences atmospheric stability and pollutant behavior.

Cheney’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its climate and regional conditions. Summer months, typically from June through August, often present the greatest challenges. High temperatures and prolonged sunshine contribute to increased ozone formation, a secondary pollutant resulting from reactions involving sunlight and vehicle emissions. Dry conditions exacerbate dust levels from agricultural fields, further degrading air quality. Temperature inversions, common during summer evenings, trap pollutants near the ground, intensifying localized concentrations. Spring (March-May) brings relief as winds increase and temperatures moderate, dispersing pollutants more effectively. However, agricultural activities ramp up, potentially releasing dust and fertilizers. Autumn (September-November) mirrors spring, with improved ventilation but lingering agricultural impacts. Winter (December-February) presents a unique set of conditions. Cold temperatures and frequent fog can trap pollutants, leading to periods of reduced visibility and elevated particulate matter. While emissions from heating systems can contribute, the primary concern is often particulate matter from agricultural practices and road dust. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion during summer afternoons and on days with visible fog or reduced visibility. Monitoring local weather forecasts and air quality reports is crucial for informed decision-making regarding outdoor activities throughout the year. The transition periods of spring and fall offer generally favorable conditions, but vigilance regarding agricultural impacts remains important.