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Ciudad de la Costa, nestled within the Canelones Department of Uruguay, occupies a strategically important coastal position just north of Montevideo, the nation's capital. Its coordinates (-34.8167, -55.9500) place it on a relatively flat, low-lying plain bordering the Río de la Plata estuary. This proximity to the expansive river significantly influences local weather patterns and, consequently, air quality. The surrounding landscape is a blend of urban development, agricultural land, and remnants of coastal wetlands, creating a gradual urban–rural gradient. To the west, fertile agricultural zones dedicated to cattle ranching and crop cultivation extend inland, while to the east lies the Atlantic Ocean. The city’s terrain is predominantly flat, with minimal elevation changes, which can exacerbate the accumulation of pollutants, particularly during periods of stagnant air. While not a major industrial hub itself, Ciudad de la Costa benefits from, and is impacted by, the industrial activity concentrated in and around Montevideo. The prevailing winds generally blow from the southwest, carrying potential pollutants from the capital city and the broader industrial belt. The city’s location within the humid subtropical climate zone means that humidity levels are often high, which can affect the dispersion of airborne particles. The relatively close proximity to the Río de la Plata also introduces a maritime influence, impacting temperature and humidity, and occasionally contributing to the transport of pollutants across the estuary.

Ciudad de la Costa experiences a distinct seasonal cycle that significantly impacts its air quality. The Uruguayan summer (December to February) is characterized by high temperatures and relatively low rainfall, often leading to stagnant air conditions. This, combined with increased vehicle traffic during holiday periods, can result in elevated levels of pollutants. Temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, are more frequent during these months, further hindering pollutant dispersion. Spring (September to November) typically brings more favourable winds and increased rainfall, leading to improved air quality. Autumn (March to May) sees a gradual cooling and a return to more stable atmospheric conditions, with occasional periods of fog that can trap pollutants. Winter (June to August) is generally the most challenging season for air quality. Cold temperatures and frequent fog, particularly in June and July, create conditions conducive to pollutant accumulation. The reduced solar radiation during winter also limits the photochemical breakdown of pollutants. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter months and avoid prolonged outdoor activity on foggy days. During the summer, limiting strenuous outdoor activities during peak heat and traffic hours is advisable. Increased ventilation in homes and workplaces is beneficial throughout the year, particularly during periods of stagnant air. Awareness of regional fire events, which can impact air quality even at a distance, is also crucial.