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Zomin Shaharchasi, nestled within the Jizzax Region of Uzbekistan, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 39.9631° N, 68.3939° E. The city’s terrain is characterized by gently rolling hills and plains, typical of the broader Central Asian landscape, situated on the edge of the Kyzylkum Desert. Its elevation, around 450 meters above sea level, contributes to a relatively dry climate and influences atmospheric stability. Zomin Shaharchasi is surrounded by a mosaic of agricultural lands, primarily focused on cotton cultivation and fruit orchards, a common feature of the Jizzax region’s economy. To the west, the vast expanse of the Kyzylkum Desert exerts a considerable influence, impacting wind patterns and contributing to dust events. While not directly adjacent to major rivers, the city benefits from groundwater resources, supporting irrigation for the surrounding agricultural zones. The urban–rural gradient transitions relatively quickly, with agricultural fields and small villages dominating the immediate periphery. Industrial activity is present, though less extensive than in larger Uzbek cities like Tashkent or Samarkand; it primarily revolves around food processing related to the agricultural output and some light manufacturing. The regional position, far from major industrial hubs, initially suggests lower pollution potential, but agricultural practices (fertilizer use, pesticide application, and seasonal burning of crop residues) and localized industrial emissions can significantly impact air quality. The surrounding landscape, a blend of cultivated fields and desert fringes, plays a crucial role in shaping the city’s atmospheric conditions and pollution dispersal patterns.

Zomin Shaharchasi experiences a continental climate with distinct seasonal variations that profoundly affect air quality. Spring (March-May) often brings a noticeable increase in particulate matter due to dust storms originating from the Kyzylkum Desert, exacerbated by strong winds as the desert surface dries out. Agricultural activities, including the initial stages of planting and fertilizer application, also contribute to localized emissions. Summer (June-August) is typically characterized by high temperatures and relatively stable atmospheric conditions, which can lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground, particularly during calmer periods. While rainfall is minimal, occasional dust events still occur. Autumn (September-November) sees a gradual improvement in air quality as temperatures decrease and wind patterns shift, dispersing pollutants more effectively. However, the burning of crop residues after harvest, a common agricultural practice, can create significant localized pollution spikes. Winter (December-February) generally offers the best air quality, with cooler temperatures and more frequent wind events. However, periods of calm, cold air can lead to fog formation, which traps pollutants and reduces visibility. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should be particularly cautious during spring and summer months, limiting outdoor activity during peak pollution episodes. During the autumn harvest season, it’s advisable to avoid areas near agricultural fields where burning is occurring. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial throughout the year.