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Idhnā is situated within the rugged topography of the Hebron Governorate in the West Bank, characterized by the rolling hills and limestone ridges typical of the Judean Mountains. This settlement occupies a strategic position in the southern highlands, where the urban fabric blends seamlessly into a vast agricultural hinterland dominated by olive groves and vineyards. The town's elevation contributes to a semi-arid Mediterranean climate, where the undulating terrain plays a critical role in modulating local air circulation. Because Idhnā sits within a valley-like configuration relative to surrounding peaks, it is prone to atmospheric stagnation, where pollutants from residential heating and vehicular traffic become trapped near the surface. The urban-rural gradient is stark, with a dense residential core transitioning quickly into open fields, which helps mitigate some industrial pollution but introduces organic particulates from agricultural activities. There are no major bodies of water nearby to provide a cooling maritime effect, leaving the town susceptible to the dry, dusty winds of the East Mediterranean basin. The proximity to Hebron, a larger urban center, means that Idhnā is occasionally influenced by regional plumes of smog and particulate matter drifting across the highland plateau. This geographic positioning creates a microclimate where the interplay between steep slopes and stagnant air pockets dictates the daily air quality, making the town particularly sensitive to temperature inversions that prevent the vertical dispersion of pollutants during the colder months of the year.

In Idhnā, air quality follows a distinct Mediterranean cycle driven by seasonal meteorological shifts. During the winter months, particularly December and January, the region experiences its highest precipitation, which effectively scrubs the atmosphere of particulate matter. However, this period also sees a rise in pollution due to the widespread use of wood and coal for residential heating, coupled with frequent temperature inversions that trap smoke in the valleys. Spring brings a transition where shifting winds often transport Saharan dust across the West Bank, leading to spikes in coarse particulate matter during March and April. Summer is characterized by intense heat and prolonged dryness, where high solar radiation triggers the formation of ground-level ozone, particularly in July and August. The lack of wind during these stagnant summer peaks can exacerbate respiratory distress for sensitive groups. Autumn serves as a transitional phase, though it is often marked by agricultural burning of crop residues, which releases significant plumes of smoke into the local air basin. For those with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the winter heating peaks and the late-summer ozone highs are the most hazardous periods. Outdoor activities are best enjoyed during the rainy winter weeks or the mild late-spring afternoons when the air is freshest. Health officials recommend limiting exertion during the dust-heavy spring weeks and avoiding midday outdoor exposure during the scorching, ozone-rich summer months to minimize pulmonary inflammation.