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Murehwa, nestled within the Mashonaland East province of Zimbabwe, occupies a rural-to-urban gradient position, serving as a significant service centre for the surrounding agricultural lands. Located at approximately -17.6500 latitude and 31.7833 longitude, the town sits on the gently undulating highveld plateau, at an elevation around 1,400-1,500 meters above sea level. This elevation contributes to cooler temperatures compared to lower-lying areas. The terrain is characterised by granite outcrops and fertile soils, supporting extensive farming of maize, tobacco, and other crops. While no major rivers directly traverse the town centre, Murehwa is situated within the catchment area of several smaller tributaries feeding into larger systems like the Mazowe River. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with scattered woodland and communal grazing areas. Industrial activity is limited, primarily consisting of small-scale processing of agricultural produce. The air quality is significantly influenced by this agricultural dominance; seasonal burning of crop residue is a major factor. The urban-rural fringe is blurred, with residential areas intermingling with farmland, meaning pollution sources are often close to population centres. This proximity, combined with limited infrastructure for waste management, impacts local air quality.

Murehwa experiences a distinct wet and dry season, heavily influencing air quality. The dry season, from May to October, is typically characterised by clearer skies but increased particulate matter from dust and agricultural burning. Farmers prepare fields for the next planting season by burning off crop residue, releasing significant smoke and pollutants. This is often worst in July and August, coinciding with the peak of the dry season and stable atmospheric conditions. October sees a slight improvement as the first rains begin. The wet season, November to April, generally brings improved air quality due to rainfall washing away pollutants. However, increased humidity can also lead to localised fog formation, trapping pollutants near the ground, particularly in the early mornings. February and March, during peak rainfall, are generally the best months for outdoor activity. Temperature inversions, common during cooler nights throughout the year, can exacerbate pollution events by preventing vertical mixing of air. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during periods of agricultural burning and foggy mornings. Monitoring wind direction is crucial, as pollutants can travel considerable distances from burning fields.