Santo André Health Impact
Santo André averaged 9.5 ug/m3 PM2.5, equal to 1.9x the WHO annual PM2.5 guideline and about 0.4 cigarettes per day by the simple AQI Now indicator. The page uses OpenAQ-derived daily history for 1 mapped monitoring location in Setúbal, Portugal.
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Average EPA AQI
46
Rank 8 of 58 cities by average AQI
PM2.5
9.5
ug/m3 annualized city average
Seasonality
February
Cleanest: April
Health indicator
0.4
cigarette-equivalent per day
Yearly EPA AQI trend
Seasonal EPA AQI heatmap
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Santo André
51
57
49
29
36
47
41
49
52
38
45
49
What this health page measures
Translate PM2.5 exposure into WHO exceedance and a simple cigarette-equivalent indicator.
For Santo André, the current global analytics build covers 265 daily rows from 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-30. The calculations normalize PM2.5 and PM10 observations into US EPA AQI bands so country, city, and tool pages use one consistent method.