Kesath Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Kesath, nestled in the plains of Bihar, India (25.4208° N, 84.2414° E), occupies a geographically strategic yet challenging position for air quality. The city’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the Gangetic plains, offering minimal natural barriers to pollutant dispersal. Situated approximately 115 meters above sea level, Kesath experiences a relatively uniform elevation, contributing to stagnant air conditions, particularly during periods of low wind speed. The surrounding landscape is dominated by intensive agricultural land, primarily rice and wheat cultivation, which, while vital for the regional economy, introduces significant particulate matter from crop residue burning, especially during the post-harvest season. To the west, a gradual urban–rural gradient exists, transitioning from agricultural fields to smaller settlements and eventually to larger urban centres further afield. The proximity to the Ganges River, though providing a crucial water source, can also exacerbate humidity, influencing the behaviour of pollutants and potentially trapping them closer to the ground. While Kesath isn't directly adjacent to major industrial belts, its location within Bihar places it within reach of industrial activity concentrated in areas like Barauni and Munger, contributing to regional pollution transport. The flat topography and prevailing wind patterns often funnel pollutants from these sources towards Kesath, compounding local emissions from vehicular traffic and residential sources. The lack of significant elevation changes hinders natural ventilation, making the city susceptible to poor air quality episodes.

Kesath’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s monsoon climate. The dry season, spanning roughly October to May, presents the most significant air quality challenges. November and December witness a sharp increase in particulate matter due to widespread crop residue burning following the harvest of rice and wheat. This practice, while economically important for farmers, releases substantial amounts of smoke and pollutants into the atmosphere. Temperature inversions, common during these months, trap pollutants near the ground, further worsening conditions. January and February often experience dense fog, which reduces visibility and further concentrates pollutants. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings relief as rainfall washes away particulate matter and strong winds disperse pollutants. However, even during the monsoon, localized pollution from construction activities and vehicular emissions persists. The pre-monsoon period (March-May) can be problematic, with rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall leading to a gradual increase in pollutants. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly in November and December, limiting outdoor activities during peak pollution periods. During the monsoon, while generally better, those with allergies should be mindful of increased pollen counts. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purifiers is advisable throughout the year, with particular emphasis during the dry season.