Pathra Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Pathra, a small town in the Kishanganj district of Bihar, India, occupies a relatively flat alluvial plain within the broader Indo-Gangetic Plain. Situated at coordinates 24.8804°N, 87.0447°E, its elevation is low, averaging around 35 meters above sea level, contributing to limited atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. The town is geographically positioned close to the Nepal border, influencing regional air currents and potentially receiving transboundary pollution. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, characterized by rice paddies and other crop cultivation, with pockets of deciduous forests further afield. The nearby Mahananda River, while providing a water source, can also contribute to localized humidity and potential fog formation, trapping pollutants during cooler months. Pathra’s urban character is typical of a small Indian town, with a gradual urban-rural gradient as one moves away from the central area. Industrial activity is limited within Pathra itself, but the broader Kishanganj district sees some brick kilns and small-scale agro-processing, which are potential sources of particulate matter. The lack of significant topographical features hinders natural ventilation, making the town susceptible to air quality issues, particularly during periods of calm weather. The dense population, even at 12,219, concentrates emissions from domestic sources like cooking fires.

Pathra’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the monsoon and post-monsoon weather systems. The monsoon season (June-September) generally brings temporary relief, as rainfall washes away particulate matter and increased humidity suppresses dust. However, high humidity can also exacerbate the impact of local emissions. October-November sees a deterioration in air quality as the monsoon retreats, and temperatures drop, leading to temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the ground. This post-monsoon period is often the most challenging for respiratory health. Winter (December-February) brings cool, dry conditions and stagnant air, further concentrating pollutants from household burning of biomass for heating and cooking. Fog formation is common, worsening visibility and trapping pollutants. March-May marks a gradual warming trend, with increasing dust storms and agricultural burning contributing to elevated particulate matter levels. These months are particularly difficult for individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with asthma – should limit outdoor activity during the post-monsoon and winter months. Avoiding peak hours for outdoor exertion and using appropriate respiratory protection can mitigate health risks. The pre-monsoon period offers the most favourable conditions for outdoor activities.