Sutihār Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Sutihār, nestled in the fertile plains of Bihar, India, occupies a geographically significant position within the Gangetic Basin. Located at approximately 25.8482° N, 84.9712° E, the town’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, with an elevation of roughly 55 meters above sea level. This low-lying topography contributes to a tendency for pollutants to accumulate, particularly during periods of atmospheric stability. Sutihār is surrounded by a landscape dominated by agricultural fields – primarily rice and wheat cultivation – which, while vital for the regional economy, can contribute to particulate matter pollution through seasonal burning practices. The town’s proximity to the Ghaghara River, though providing a source of water, also influences local humidity and can affect the dispersion of pollutants. The urban–rural gradient around Sutihār is gradual; the town itself is relatively small, with a population of just under 14,000, but it serves as a local trading hub for surrounding villages. Further afield, the broader region is experiencing increasing industrial development, with pockets of small-scale manufacturing and processing industries emerging along transport corridors. This regional industrial growth, coupled with agricultural activities and the town’s flat, low-lying geography, creates a complex interplay of factors that directly impact Sutihār’s air quality, making it susceptible to localized pollution episodes and regional haze events. The lack of significant topographical features to promote air mixing exacerbates these challenges.

Sutihār’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s monsoon climate. The pre-monsoon season (March-May) typically witnesses the poorest air quality. High temperatures and stagnant air conditions, often accompanied by dense fog, trap pollutants close to the ground. Agricultural burning, a common practice to clear fields for the next planting season, significantly contributes to particulate matter pollution during this period. The monsoon season (June-September) brings relief, with increased rainfall and stronger winds that effectively flush out pollutants. However, heavy rainfall can also lead to increased humidity, which can exacerbate respiratory issues for sensitive individuals. The post-monsoon season (October-November) sees a gradual return to drier conditions, and a resurgence of agricultural burning, leading to another period of elevated pollution. Winter months (December-February) are often characterized by cold temperatures and temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air sits above cooler air near the ground, preventing vertical mixing and trapping pollutants. Outdoor activities are generally best avoided during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, particularly for children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions. During the monsoon, while air quality improves, those with asthma or allergies should remain vigilant for triggers related to dampness and mold. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can be beneficial throughout the year, especially during periods of elevated pollution.