Koppal Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Koppal, a city nestled in the Karnataka state of India at coordinates 15.3500°N, 76.1500°E, occupies a significant position within the Krishna River basin. With a relatively small population of approximately 12,584, Koppal’s urban character is deeply intertwined with its agricultural surroundings. The terrain is generally undulating, part of the Deccan Plateau, with a moderate elevation that influences local wind patterns. The city is situated relatively close to the Tungabhadra River, a tributary of the Krishna, which provides irrigation for the surrounding agricultural lands but can also contribute to localised humidity and potential for stagnant air. Koppal is surrounded by agricultural zones, primarily cultivating sugarcane, paddy, and horticultural crops. While not a major industrial hub itself, its proximity to industrial areas in nearby districts contributes to regional air pollution transport. The urban-rural gradient is quite sharp, with agricultural fields immediately bordering the city limits. This proximity means agricultural practices, including seasonal crop burning, directly impact local air quality. Dust from unpaved roads and construction activities further exacerbate particulate matter concentrations. The city’s location within a river valley can also trap pollutants during periods of low wind speed, leading to localised air quality issues.

Koppal experiences a distinct tropical climate, best understood through a wet and dry season narrative. The dry season, roughly from November to May, sees consistently higher pollution levels. Lower humidity and stagnant air allow particulate matter from agricultural activities, construction, and vehicular emissions to accumulate. January and February are typically the months with the poorest air quality. The summer months (March-May) bring intense heat and dust storms, further degrading air quality, particularly PM10. The arrival of the Southwest Monsoon in June marks a dramatic shift. Heavy rainfall effectively washes away pollutants, leading to significantly improved air quality. July, August, and September offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activity. However, increased humidity can also foster mould growth, impacting respiratory health. Post-monsoon (October-November) sees a gradual return to drier conditions and a corresponding increase in pollution as agricultural activities resume and dust settles. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exposure during the dry season and be mindful of dust levels even during the monsoon’s transition. Monitoring local weather patterns is crucial for informed decision-making.