Khajurāho Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Khajurāho, nestled in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh, India, presents a unique geographic profile significantly influencing its air quality. Situated at approximately 24.85°N, 79.92°E and an elevation of around 297 meters (974 feet) above sea level, the city occupies a relatively flat terrain within a landscape dominated by the Bundelkhand hills to the north and east. This gently undulating topography, while visually appealing, can contribute to localized air stagnation, particularly during periods of low wind speed. The surrounding landscape is primarily characterized by agricultural land – a mosaic of fields cultivating crops like wheat, pulses, and oilseeds – interspersed with scrubland and deciduous forests. This agricultural activity, while vital to the regional economy, introduces potential sources of particulate matter, especially during harvest seasons when burning of crop residue can occur. Khajurāho’s proximity to the larger industrial belt of Kanpur, located roughly 160 kilometers to the north, introduces a distant but potentially impactful source of pollutants carried by prevailing winds. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp; the city itself is compact, with a clear delineation between the built environment and the surrounding agricultural and forested areas. The Ban Sagar Dam, though distant (approximately 120 km), influences regional weather patterns, impacting humidity and potentially affecting atmospheric stability. The lack of major surface water bodies within the immediate vicinity of Khajurāho means limited natural scrubbing of pollutants from the air.

Khajurāho’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s tropical climate and monsoon influence. The dry season, spanning roughly October to May, is characterized by lower humidity and increased temperature, often leading to temperature inversions, particularly during the cooler months (November-February). These inversions trap pollutants near the ground, exacerbating air quality concerns. Dust storms, common during March and April, significantly elevate particulate matter concentrations. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings relief through increased rainfall, which naturally washes pollutants from the atmosphere. However, the monsoon also introduces its own challenges. Increased humidity can trap pollutants, and periods of calm winds between rainfall events can lead to localized stagnation. Fog, prevalent during the winter months (December-January), further reduces visibility and traps pollutants close to the ground. The agricultural cycle also plays a role; post-harvest burning of crop residue in November and December contributes to elevated particulate matter levels. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during dust storm events and periods of dense fog. Outdoor activities are generally more favourable during the monsoon months, although vigilance regarding humidity levels is still advised. The transitional periods of spring and autumn present a moderate air quality profile, but monitoring local conditions is always recommended.