Neyveli Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Neyveli, situated in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India, is a planned industrial city established around extensive lignite (brown coal) deposits. Its coordinates (11.6088°N, 79.4994°E) place it within the South Indian coastal plain, approximately 60km inland from the Bay of Bengal. The terrain is relatively flat, characteristic of the region, with an average elevation of around 35 meters above sea level. The surrounding landscape is a mix of agricultural lands – primarily paddy fields – and scrubland, reflecting the semi-arid climate. Neyveli’s development is intrinsically linked to the Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) India Limited, a major public sector undertaking, and the city functions largely as a residential and service centre for NLC employees. This industrial focus is the dominant factor influencing air quality. The urban-rural gradient is sharp; transitioning quickly from the planned city layout to agricultural villages. Proximity to the coast means the city experiences some maritime influence, but this is moderated by its inland location. Dust from agricultural activities and construction, combined with emissions from the lignite-based power plants and associated industries, contribute to the city’s unique pollution profile. The lack of significant natural wind corridors to disperse pollutants exacerbates the issue.

Neyveli’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the monsoon and thermal inversions. The northeast monsoon, arriving between October and December, brings temporary relief through rainfall, washing away particulate matter and improving air quality. However, increased humidity can also trap pollutants near the ground. The post-monsoon months of January and February see relatively clearer skies, making these the most favourable months for outdoor activity. The hot, dry season from March to May is when pollution levels typically peak. High temperatures and stagnant air create strong thermal inversions, trapping pollutants emitted from the NLC power plants and other industrial sources. Wind speeds are generally low during this period, hindering dispersion. The southwest monsoon, though less impactful than the northeast, brings some respite in June-September, but can also contribute to localised flooding and dampness, fostering mould growth. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exposure during the March-May period and monitor conditions closely during monsoon transitions. Fog, common in cooler months, can exacerbate particulate matter concentrations.