Andāl Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Andāl, a small town in the Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India, occupies a relatively flat, alluvial plain characteristic of the Ganges Delta. Situated at coordinates 23.6000°N, 87.2000°E, its elevation is low, averaging around 55 meters above sea level, contributing to limited atmospheric dispersion of pollutants. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, dominated by rice paddies and other crops, interspersed with small pockets of woodland. Andāl’s position within this intensely farmed region means it’s susceptible to seasonal biomass burning after harvests, a significant contributor to localised air pollution. The town’s proximity to the Damodar River, while providing a water source, also creates conditions conducive to humidity and potential fog formation, trapping pollutants during cooler months. While not directly within a major industrial belt, the broader region of West Bengal experiences industrial activity, and prevailing winds can transport pollutants from these areas towards Andāl. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced; Andāl serves as a service centre for surrounding villages, experiencing increased vehicular traffic and localised emissions. This combination of agricultural practices, riverine influence, and regional industrial activity shapes Andāl’s unique air quality challenges.

Andāl’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. The post-monsoon season (October-November) often sees a peak in pollution due to the burning of crop residue from the Kharif harvest, combined with cooler temperatures and the onset of temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground. These conditions are particularly challenging for those with respiratory ailments. December and January bring cooler, drier air, potentially exacerbating particulate matter concentrations, though wind speeds can sometimes offer relief. The pre-monsoon months (March-May) are characterised by rising temperatures and dust storms, increasing levels of coarser particulate matter. The monsoon season (June-September) generally offers the cleanest air, as rainfall effectively washes away pollutants and increased humidity suppresses dust. However, increased cloud cover can also contribute to temperature inversions. Outdoor activity is generally most favourable during the monsoon months, but even then, monitoring local conditions is advisable. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular conditions – should limit outdoor exposure during the post-monsoon and pre-monsoon periods, and consider using respirators when pollution levels are elevated.