Kotra Air Quality Index (AQI)

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Kotra, West Bengal, nestled at approximately 22.7062° N, 88.5411° E, occupies a geographically significant position within the Bardhaman district. The city’s terrain is predominantly undulating, characterized by fertile alluvial plains formed by the Rupnarayan River and its tributaries. This riverine influence shapes the local landscape, contributing to the region’s agricultural productivity, primarily focused on rice cultivation and jute farming. Kotra sits on the edge of the Gangetic plain, a vast expanse of flat land that extends across northern India, impacting regional weather patterns and pollutant dispersal. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural fields, interspersed with small villages and pockets of denser vegetation along the riverbanks. The urban–rural gradient transitions relatively quickly, with agricultural land dominating the immediate periphery. While not directly adjacent to a major industrial belt, Kotra’s proximity to the industrial hubs of Durgapur and Asansol, roughly 50-70 kilometers away, introduces a potential source of transported pollutants. The elevation is relatively low, averaging around 20-30 meters above sea level, which can exacerbate ground-level ozone formation during warmer months due to reduced atmospheric mixing. The Rupnarayan River, while a vital resource, can also contribute to localized air pollution through the release of agricultural runoff and occasional industrial discharge. The prevailing wind patterns, influenced by the Bay of Bengal, play a crucial role in both dispersing and concentrating pollutants within the Kotra microclimate.

Kotra’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by the monsoon and the region’s subtropical climate. The monsoon season, typically spanning June to September, brings relief from accumulated pollutants as consistent rainfall and strong winds effectively flush the atmosphere. Humidity levels are high, and visibility improves significantly during these months, making it a favorable period for outdoor activities. However, agricultural burning after the harvest in late September and October can temporarily elevate particulate matter levels. The transition months of October and November often see a build-up of pollutants due to decreasing rainfall and calmer winds, occasionally leading to stagnant air conditions. Winter (December to February) presents the most challenging period. Cold temperatures frequently lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground and resulting in poorer air quality. Fog is common during these months, further reducing visibility and hindering pollutant dispersion. The dry, cold air also promotes the formation of secondary pollutants. Spring (March to May) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, but dust storms originating from the northwest can occasionally impact air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the winter months and be mindful of potential agricultural burning in the post-monsoon period. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can be beneficial, particularly during periods of elevated pollution.