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Assi Bou Nif, a commune within the Wilaya of Oran in Algeria, occupies a geographically significant position along the Mediterranean coastline. Situated at coordinates 35.7000, -0.5000, the city benefits from a coastal climate but is also influenced by the surrounding terrain. The landscape transitions from the flat coastal plains to the foothills of the Tell Atlas mountains to the south, creating complex airflow patterns. With a population of 63,581, Assi Bou Nif is experiencing urban expansion, typical of many Algerian coastal cities. This growth, coupled with its proximity to the larger urban centre of Oran, contributes to increasing air pollution. The city’s location near agricultural zones to the west and industrial activity concentrated around Oran’s port and industrial areas introduces potential sources of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. The Mediterranean Sea moderates temperatures but can also contribute to humidity and fog, trapping pollutants during temperature inversions. The urban-rural gradient is relatively steep, with agricultural land immediately surrounding the city giving way to more densely populated areas closer to Oran. This gradient impacts pollutant dispersion, concentrating them in the built-up areas. Understanding these geographical factors is crucial for effective air quality management in Assi Bou Nif.

Air quality in Assi Bou Nif follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Summer (June-August) often sees relatively cleaner air, driven by prevailing northerly winds that disperse pollutants offshore. However, high temperatures can exacerbate ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) brings a transition period, with decreasing wind speeds and the potential for temperature inversions, trapping pollutants closer to the ground. This period can see a rise in particulate matter from agricultural burning and dust storms. Winter (December-February) is typically the most challenging period for air quality. Reduced sunlight and stable atmospheric conditions favour pollutant accumulation, particularly from residential heating using wood and other solid fuels. Fog, common along the coast, further exacerbates the problem. Spring (March-May) sees improving conditions as temperatures rise and winds become more frequent, but dust from the Sahara Desert can occasionally impact air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during winter and periods of high dust concentration. Monitoring wind patterns and avoiding strenuous activity on still, cold days is advisable. The months of June through August generally offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor pursuits.