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Sidi ech Chahmi, nestled within the Oran province of Algeria, occupies a strategically significant position on the Mediterranean coast. Located at approximately 35.67° N, -0.52° W, the city’s geography is characterized by a gradual transition from the Tell Atlas mountains to the coastal plain. The surrounding landscape is a blend of arid and semi-arid terrain, punctuated by olive groves and small-scale agricultural plots, typical of the Oranian region. Sidi ech Chahmi sits at a relatively low elevation, averaging around 20 meters above sea level, which influences local weather patterns and contributes to potential air quality challenges. The proximity to the Mediterranean Sea introduces a maritime influence, moderating temperatures but also occasionally bringing in saline aerosols. The city’s urban fabric is a mix of traditional Algerian architecture and more modern developments, reflecting its growth over time. Oran, a major industrial and port city, lies just a short distance to the west, creating a subtle urban-rural gradient where Sidi ech Chahmi represents a more residential and agricultural area compared to the bustling industrial belt. This proximity to Oran, however, means that the city is susceptible to the impacts of industrial emissions and urban sprawl. The prevailing winds, generally from the northwest, can carry pollutants from Oran towards Sidi ech Chahmi, impacting local air quality. The surrounding terrain, while offering some natural ventilation, can also trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions, particularly during periods of temperature inversion.

Sidi ech Chahmi experiences a Mediterranean climate, resulting in distinct seasonal variations that significantly impact air quality. The dry season, spanning roughly from May to September, is often characterized by higher temperatures and reduced precipitation. This period frequently sees a build-up of pollutants due to stagnant air and reduced atmospheric cleansing. The intense summer heat promotes photochemical smog formation, as sunlight interacts with pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. August and September are typically months to exercise caution regarding outdoor activities, especially for vulnerable populations. The wet season, from October to April, brings cooler temperatures and increased rainfall, which naturally helps to scrub the atmosphere and reduce pollutant concentrations. However, periods of fog, common during the winter months, can trap pollutants near the ground, leading to localized episodes of poor air quality. The transition months of spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) often present a mixed picture, with fluctuating wind patterns and temperature changes. During spring, dust storms originating from the Sahara can occasionally impact air quality, introducing particulate matter. Individuals with respiratory conditions, children, and the elderly should be particularly mindful of air quality forecasts and take precautions during periods of elevated pollution, such as limiting outdoor exertion and using air purifiers indoors. Maintaining green spaces and promoting sustainable transportation options are crucial for mitigating the impacts of seasonal air quality fluctuations.