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Puerto Iguazú is nestled in the far northeast of Misiones, serving as a strategic tri-border gateway between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. The urban fabric is defined by a low-density layout interspersed with lush subtropical vegetation, reflecting its position within the Atlantic Forest biome. Situated at a low elevation, the city is bounded by the Iguazú River, which acts as a natural ventilation corridor, facilitating the dispersal of local pollutants. The terrain is characterized by undulating red-soil plateaus and dense riparian forests that create a significant urban-rural gradient, where the city blends almost seamlessly into the surrounding jungle. Unlike industrial hubs, Puerto Iguazú lacks heavy manufacturing belts, meaning its air quality is primarily influenced by biogenic emissions and regional agricultural practices. The surrounding landscape is dominated by primary and secondary forests, which act as massive carbon sinks and natural air filters, scrubbing particulate matter from the atmosphere. However, the proximity to the river creates high ambient humidity, which can trap aerosols during periods of atmospheric stability. The urban character is shaped by tourism infrastructure, leading to localized traffic emissions along main arteries, yet the overarching regional position ensures that the air remains predominantly fresh. The interaction between the dense canopy and the riverine breeze prevents the formation of stagnant urban heat islands, though the high moisture levels often facilitate the suspension of organic compounds, influencing the city's unique atmospheric chemistry and overall breathability. This synergy ensures that the atmosphere remains a reflection of its wild surroundings and natural ecological balance today.

In Puerto Iguazú, air quality is governed by a humid subtropical cycle rather than traditional four seasons. During the wet season, spanning from October to March, heavy rainfall and high humidity act as natural scrubbers, washing particulate matter from the sky and maintaining exceptionally clean air. However, the extreme heat and moisture can increase the concentration of ground-level ozone due to high biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from the surrounding rainforest. Conversely, the drier winter months, from June to August, present the most significant air quality challenges. This period coincides with regional agricultural practices, where biomass burning and slash-and-burn clearing in the Misiones and neighboring Brazilian provinces release plumes of smoke. These particulates often linger due to temperature inversions and reduced wind speeds, creating hazy conditions that can irritate the respiratory system. September often sees a peak in smoke as land preparation intensifies across the border. For sensitive groups, such as asthmatics or the elderly, the mid-winter dry spell is the time to limit prolonged outdoor exertion. The most favorable months for outdoor activity are late autumn and early spring, when temperatures are mild and the air is clear. Meteorological stability in winter can trap pollutants near the surface, whereas the summer monsoonal rains ensure a rapid reset of atmospheric purity. Health guidance suggests monitoring regional smoke reports during the dry season to avoid peak exposure to fine particulate matter from distant forest fires and local clearances which can severely impact those with preexisting conditions in the lungs and heart.