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Majidpur, nestled within the Chattogram District of Bangladesh at coordinates 23.5797°N, 90.7684°E, is a small urban centre deeply embedded in the hilly southeastern landscape of the country. With a population of approximately 30,257, Majidpur’s geography is significantly shaped by its proximity to the Karnafuli River and the surrounding Eastern Hills. The terrain is undulating, transitioning from low-lying coastal plains to steeper, forested slopes as one moves eastward. This topography influences air circulation patterns, potentially creating localized pockets of stagnant air. Chattogram, and by extension Majidpur, is a major port city and industrial hub, meaning the area experiences a blend of maritime influences and industrial emissions. Surrounding Majidpur are agricultural lands, primarily rice paddies, alongside burgeoning brick kilns – a significant source of particulate matter. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with rapid development encroaching upon agricultural areas. This rapid land-use change contributes to dust and construction-related pollution. The coastal location brings monsoon rains and humidity, while the hilly terrain can exacerbate runoff and erosion, impacting air quality through dust resuspension. The city’s position within a regional transport corridor also means it’s exposed to emissions from vehicular traffic and long-distance transport.

Majidpur’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the monsoon and post-monsoon climate. The monsoon season (June-October) generally brings improved air quality due to rainfall washing away pollutants and suppressing dust. However, increased humidity can also foster mould growth, impacting respiratory health. November to February represents the dry season, and this is when pollution levels typically peak. Cooler temperatures lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground. The lack of rainfall allows particulate matter from brick kilns, construction, and vehicle emissions to accumulate. March-May is a transitional period, with rising temperatures and increasing dryness contributing to worsening conditions. This period often sees increased dust storms. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during the dry season, particularly November to February. Wearing masks (N95 or equivalent) is advisable. During the monsoon, while air quality improves, precautions should be taken to avoid waterborne diseases and mould exposure. The months of July and August generally offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activity, but vigilance regarding respiratory health is always recommended.