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Homyel' (also transliterated as Gomel) occupies a strategic position in southeastern Belarus, situated along the Sozh River approximately 300 kilometers southeast of Minsk. As the administrative center of Homyel'skaya Voblasts', it serves as the economic and cultural hub of the region, with an urban character defined by Soviet-era architecture interspersed with green spaces and industrial zones. The city lies within the Eastern European Plain at a modest elevation of around 130 meters above sea level, characterized by flat to gently rolling terrain that extends into surrounding agricultural lands and mixed forests. Its location along the Sozh River, a tributary of the Dnieper, provides some natural ventilation but also contributes to localized humidity and fog formation, particularly in low-lying areas. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced, with the city core transitioning to suburban districts and then to extensive farmlands and forested areas, though industrial facilities—including machinery plants, chemical works, and food processing units—are concentrated in the city's periphery and along transport corridors. This geography influences air quality through limited natural dispersion due to the flat topography, which can trap pollutants under stable atmospheric conditions, while the river valley occasionally channels winds that may either dilute or transport emissions from industrial and residential sources. Proximity to agricultural zones also introduces seasonal particulate matter from farming activities, blending urban and rural pollution signatures.

In Homyel', air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern shaped by its temperate continental climate, with cold winters and warm summers. During winter (December to February), pollution often peaks due to increased residential heating from coal and wood burning, combined with frequent temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the ground, especially in calm, cold conditions; sensitive groups like children and the elderly should limit prolonged outdoor exposure during these months. Spring (March to May) brings gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing pollutants, though late frosts and occasional fog can cause short-term spikes, making April and May more favorable for outdoor activities. Summer (June to August) sees generally better air quality with higher wind speeds and convective mixing, but heatwaves can lead to ozone formation from vehicle emissions, and agricultural burning in surrounding areas may contribute particulate matter; early mornings are optimal for exercise to avoid peak heat. Autumn (September to November) marks a transition, with cooling temperatures and reduced dispersion leading to a gradual buildup of pollutants, particularly from increased fuel use and decaying vegetation; October often has moderate conditions, but by November, fog and stable air masses can worsen air quality, advising sensitive individuals to monitor local forecasts and plan activities for midday when dispersion is better.