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Zhlobin, situated in southeastern Belarus within the Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, occupies a relatively flat, low-lying position on the right bank of the Dnieper River. Its coordinates, 52.9000° N, 30.0333° E, place it within the East European Plain, a landscape characterised by glacial deposits and fertile soils. The city’s elevation is modest, generally below 150 meters, contributing to limited natural air dispersion. Surrounding Zhlobin is a mix of agricultural land – primarily arable farming – and pockets of boreal forest, typical of the Belarusian landscape. The Dnieper River, a major waterway, influences local humidity and can contribute to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants. Zhlobin’s location along key transport routes, including rail lines connecting Gomel and Minsk, and its historical development as an industrial centre focused on metalworking and forestry, have shaped its air quality profile. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural fields immediately bordering the city limits. This proximity means potential for agricultural emissions, like ammonia, to impact local air. The city’s industrial zones, concentrated around the railway and river access, are primary sources of particulate matter and other pollutants. The flat terrain limits the effectiveness of natural ventilation, exacerbating pollution episodes.

Zhlobin experiences a continental climate, with distinct seasonal variations impacting air quality. Winter (December-February) sees the most stable atmospheric conditions, often with temperature inversions trapping pollutants from heating systems and industrial activity. Low wind speeds exacerbate this, leading to periods of poor air quality. Spring (March-May) brings increased rainfall, which can temporarily cleanse the air, but also increased agricultural activity, potentially releasing ammonia. Summer (June-August) generally offers better air quality due to higher temperatures and more frequent winds, though occasional wildfires in surrounding areas can contribute to particulate matter. However, stagnant air masses can still occur. Autumn (September-November) is a transitional period, with decreasing temperatures and increasing heating demand. October and November often see a return to poorer air quality as industrial activity ramps up for the colder months. Fog is common during autumn and winter, further reducing visibility and trapping pollutants near the ground. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and autumn months. Monitoring wind direction is crucial; winds from industrial areas will carry higher pollutant concentrations. Periods of heavy rainfall offer temporary relief.