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Novalukoml’, nestled within the Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’ of Belarus, occupies a geographically significant position at 54.6569° N, 29.1500° E. The city’s character is defined by its location on the banks of the Drut River, a tributary of the larger Dnieper River system, influencing local microclimates and drainage patterns. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, a patchwork of fields and pastures characteristic of the Belarusian Polesia region. This proximity to intensive agricultural practices, particularly during planting and harvesting seasons, contributes to seasonal particulate matter and ammonia emissions. Novalukoml’ sits within a gently undulating terrain, with elevations generally ranging from 150 to 200 meters above sea level. This relatively flat topography, while facilitating urban expansion, can also exacerbate air pollution episodes as it limits natural dispersion of pollutants. The city’s position isn’t directly adjacent to major industrial belts, but it serves as a regional hub for agricultural processing and light manufacturing, introducing localized sources of emissions. The urban–rural gradient is gradual, with smaller villages and agricultural land seamlessly blending into the city’s periphery. The climate is continental, with cold winters and warm summers, impacting atmospheric stability and influencing the behaviour of pollutants. The Drut River itself provides a degree of humidity, which can trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions, particularly during periods of temperature inversion. The surrounding forests, while offering some natural air filtration, are not extensive enough to significantly offset the impact of local emissions.

Novalukoml’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions and local activities. Spring (March-May) often sees elevated levels of particulate matter due to agricultural activities like fertilizer application and field preparation, combined with increased wind speeds stirring up dust. The thawing of snow and ice can also release trapped pollutants. Summer (June-August) generally offers improved air quality, with warmer temperatures promoting atmospheric mixing and dispersing pollutants. However, periods of stagnant air, particularly during heatwaves, can lead to localized pollution build-up. Autumn (September-November) presents a complex picture. Harvesting activities resume, contributing to particulate matter, while cooler temperatures and increased fog frequency can trap pollutants near the ground. Temperature inversions, common during autumn nights, exacerbate this effect. Winter (December-February) typically brings the most challenging air quality conditions. Cold, stable air masses, frequent fog, and temperature inversions trap pollutants close to the surface, leading to prolonged periods of poor air quality. The burning of solid fuels for heating in residential areas further contributes to the problem. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during periods of fog and temperature inversions, particularly in the winter months. Spring and autumn require careful monitoring of local conditions, with reduced outdoor exertion advised during periods of high agricultural activity or stagnant air. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial throughout the year.