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Arinos, nestled in the southern reaches of Minas Gerais, Brazil, occupies a geographically significant position within the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Located at approximately -15.9169° latitude and -46.1058° longitude, the city sits at an elevation of around 850 meters (2,789 feet) above sea level, contributing to a relatively mild climate. The surrounding landscape is characterized by undulating plains and gently sloping hills typical of the Cerrado, transitioning into more rugged terrain further west. This region is a crucial agricultural zone, with extensive soybean, maize, and cattle farming dominating the rural areas surrounding Arinos. The urban–rural gradient is relatively gradual, with smaller agricultural settlements interspersed throughout the landscape. While Arinos itself is not directly adjacent to major rivers, it draws water from regional aquifers and smaller tributaries, influencing local humidity levels. The city’s position within the broader Southeast South Atlantic Forest biome means it experiences influences from both the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest, impacting vegetation patterns and microclimates. The absence of heavy industry within Arinos itself is a key factor in its air quality profile, although agricultural practices and vehicle emissions contribute to localized pollution. The prevailing winds, generally from the east, transport air masses across the Cerrado, potentially carrying pollutants from more industrialized areas further east, though the distance mitigates significant impacts. The terrain’s gentle slopes can also influence the dispersion of pollutants, sometimes leading to localized concentrations in valleys or sheltered areas.

Arinos experiences a tropical savanna climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons rather than the four traditional seasons. The dry season, typically spanning from April to September, is often associated with a slight increase in particulate matter concentrations. This is due to several factors: reduced rainfall leads to less atmospheric cleansing, agricultural burning for land preparation becomes more prevalent, and the drier air allows dust particles to remain suspended for longer periods. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler, drier months (June-August), can trap pollutants near the ground, exacerbating localized air quality issues. The wet season, from October to March, brings increased rainfall and higher humidity, naturally washing pollutants from the atmosphere and generally improving air quality. However, intense rainfall events can occasionally lead to soil erosion and the suspension of dust, temporarily impacting air quality. Fog, though infrequent, can also occur during the cooler months, trapping pollutants and reducing visibility. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of agricultural burning. Outdoor activities are generally more favorable during the wet season, although vigilance regarding potential dust events following heavy rainfall is advised. The combination of reduced rainfall, agricultural practices, and potential temperature inversions during the dry season necessitates awareness and proactive measures to minimize exposure to potential air quality concerns.