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Corinto, nestled in the heart of Minas Gerais, Brazil, occupies a unique geographic position at coordinates -18.3808, -44.4558. The city’s terrain is characterized by rolling hills and valleys, typical of the Brazilian Highlands, with an elevation that contributes to localized weather patterns. Situated within a predominantly agricultural region, Corinto is surrounded by extensive farmland, primarily dedicated to coffee, corn, and cattle ranching. This agricultural dominance significantly influences the local air quality, with potential for particulate matter from field preparation, harvesting, and livestock. The nearby São Francisco River, a vital waterway for the region, doesn’t directly impact Corinto’s core urban area but influences regional humidity and potential for localized fog formation. While not a major industrial hub, the presence of smaller processing facilities related to agriculture contributes to emissions. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with the city centre transitioning quickly to open agricultural land. This proximity means that prevailing winds can readily transport pollutants from rural activities into the urban core, and vice versa. The city’s relatively small population of 23,532 concentrates emissions within a limited area, potentially exacerbating local air quality issues. Understanding these geographical factors is crucial for assessing and mitigating pollution in Corinto.

Corinto experiences a distinct wet and dry season, rather than traditional four seasons. Air quality in Corinto is most compromised during the dry season, typically from May to September. This period sees reduced rainfall, leading to increased dust and particulate matter from agricultural activities and unpaved roads. Lower humidity also means pollutants become more concentrated, and temperature inversions are more frequent, trapping pollutants near ground level. August and September are often the months with the poorest air quality. Conversely, the wet season, from October to April, brings significant improvements. Rainfall effectively washes away particulate matter, and higher humidity reduces pollutant concentration. However, even during the wet season, localized pollution can occur from agricultural burning, a practice sometimes used for land clearing. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions, should limit strenuous outdoor activity during the dry season, particularly in August and September. Monitoring weather patterns is key; calm, dry days are likely to be the most polluted. The transition months of April and October can be unpredictable, requiring vigilance. Staying informed about local conditions and adopting preventative measures is vital for protecting respiratory health.