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Entre Rios de Minas, nestled within the southeastern Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, occupies a geographically significant position within the broader Cerrado biome and the fringes of the Atlantic Forest. Located at approximately -20.6708° latitude and -44.0658° longitude, the city sits at an elevation of roughly 850 meters (2,789 feet) above sea level, contributing to a generally cooler climate compared to lower-lying regions of Brazil. The surrounding landscape is characterized by undulating hills and valleys typical of the *montanhas* (mountains) region of Minas Gerais, interspersed with patches of cerrado vegetation – a savanna-like ecosystem with distinctive plant life adapted to seasonal drought. While not directly adjacent to a major river, Entre Rios de Minas benefits from proximity to smaller tributaries and streams that feed into larger river systems, influencing local humidity and microclimates. The urban fabric is relatively compact, reflecting its smaller population of around 14,746, exhibiting a clear urban–rural gradient as one moves outwards from the central area. Economically, the region is intertwined with agricultural activities, particularly coffee cultivation, and mining, a historically significant industry in Minas Gerais. These activities, while vital to the local economy, can contribute to localized air quality challenges, especially during harvesting and processing periods. The terrain’s topography, combined with the prevailing wind patterns, can lead to localized air pollution accumulation, particularly in valley bottoms, impacting air quality within the city limits.

Entre Rios de Minas experiences a tropical savanna climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons rather than the four traditional seasons. The dry season, typically spanning from April to September, often brings a noticeable increase in particulate matter. This is largely due to agricultural burning practices employed to clear land for planting and harvesting, a common, albeit regulated, practice in the region. The reduced rainfall during this period also limits the natural cleansing effect of precipitation, allowing pollutants to linger longer. Temperature inversions, where cooler air becomes trapped beneath a layer of warmer air, are more frequent during the dry season, particularly in the mornings, further exacerbating the issue by preventing pollutants from dispersing. Conversely, the wet season (October to March) brings increased rainfall and higher humidity, naturally flushing the atmosphere and significantly improving air quality. Stronger winds associated with the wet season also aid in pollutant dispersal. During the wettest months (December-February), outdoor activities are generally favoured, although periods of dense fog can temporarily reduce visibility. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of agricultural burning, and avoid strenuous outdoor activity during mornings with visible haze. The combination of agricultural practices and meteorological conditions dictates the air quality narrative in Entre Rios de Minas, with the dry season presenting the greatest challenges.