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Jequeri, nestled in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, occupies a geographically complex position at coordinates -20.4558, -42.6658. The city’s terrain is characterised by rolling hills and valleys, typical of the Brazilian Highlands, with an elevation contributing to localized weather patterns. Situated within a predominantly agricultural region, Jequeri is surrounded by extensive farmland, primarily dedicated to coffee and cattle ranching. This agricultural landscape significantly influences air quality, with potential for particulate matter from land preparation, seasonal burning for crop residue management, and emissions from livestock. The Paraíba do Sul River basin lies relatively close, influencing humidity and potentially trapping pollutants during temperature inversions. While Jequeri isn’t a major industrial hub, smaller-scale processing of agricultural products contributes to localised emissions. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced; the city centre experiences higher concentrations of vehicle exhaust and domestic fuel combustion, while surrounding rural areas are more affected by agricultural practices. The city’s position within a broader valley system can lead to the accumulation of pollutants, particularly during periods of calm weather. Understanding these geographical factors is crucial for assessing and mitigating air quality challenges in Jequeri.

Jequeri experiences a distinct wet and dry season, heavily influencing its air quality. The dry season, typically from April to September, presents the most challenging conditions. Reduced rainfall leads to increased dust and particulate matter from agricultural activities and unpaved roads. Lower humidity also inhibits the settling of pollutants. Temperature inversions, common during cooler nights within the dry season, trap pollutants near ground level, exacerbating air quality issues. August and September are often the months with the poorest air quality. Conversely, the wet season (October to March) brings relief. Rainfall effectively washes pollutants from the atmosphere, and higher humidity promotes settling. However, increased cloud cover can also contribute to the formation of photochemical smog under certain conditions. November and December generally offer the best air quality. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during the peak of the dry season. During the wet season, while air quality is generally better, monitoring for potential mold growth indoors is advisable. Local meteorological patterns, including prevailing winds from the south-east, play a key role in pollutant dispersion.