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Pomorie, nestled on the western coast of Bulgaria’s Black Sea, is a town deeply interwoven with its unique geography. Situated within the Burgas Province, its coordinates (42.5569, 27.6405) place it on a narrow peninsula extending into the Black Sea, and immediately adjacent to Pomorie Lake, a lagoon separated from the sea by a sand strip. The terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the coastal plains, with a gentle slope towards the sea. This low elevation contributes to potential temperature inversions, trapping pollutants. The town’s population of approximately 14,856 is concentrated along the coastline and around the lake. Historically, Pomorie’s economy revolved around salt production from the lake, and while tourism has become dominant, some light industrial activity remains in the wider Burgas region, impacting regional air quality. The surrounding landscape is a mix of sandy beaches, wetlands, and agricultural land, primarily vineyards and grain fields. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly to agricultural areas inland. The Black Sea provides a moderating influence on temperatures, but also limits atmospheric dispersion of pollutants, particularly during calm weather conditions. The prevailing winds, generally from the north-east, can either carry pollutants away from or towards the town depending on seasonal patterns.

Pomorie’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement after the winter months, though agricultural burning can temporarily elevate particulate matter. Winds begin to pick up, aiding dispersion. Summer (June-August) generally offers the cleanest air, benefiting from consistent sea breezes and higher temperatures promoting atmospheric mixing. However, increased tourist activity and vehicle traffic can lead to localised increases in nitrogen dioxide. Autumn (September-November) is a transitional period. As temperatures drop, the risk of temperature inversions increases, trapping pollutants, particularly from heating sources. Rainfall becomes more frequent, helping to wash away some pollutants. Winter (December-February) is typically the period of poorest air quality. Reduced sunlight, stable atmospheric conditions, and increased reliance on solid fuel heating contribute to higher concentrations of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Fog, common during winter, exacerbates the problem by limiting visibility and dispersion. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during calm, cold winter days. September and October can be particularly challenging. Avoiding outdoor exercise during peak heating hours in winter is advisable.