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Pô, nestled within the Centre-Sud region of Burkina Faso at approximately 11.1667° N, -1.1500° W, presents a compelling case study in urban geography and its influence on air quality. The city’s location, though relatively small with a population of 28,079, is significant within the broader Sahelian landscape. Pô sits on a gently undulating plateau, characteristic of the region’s transition zone between savanna and woodland. The surrounding terrain is primarily composed of ferruginous soils, typical of West Africa, which can contribute to dust emissions, particularly during dry periods. While Pô lacks immediate proximity to major rivers or lakes, it’s part of a larger watershed system, influencing local microclimates. The urban–rural gradient around Pô is gradual, transitioning from the built environment to agricultural fields and sparse vegetation. The dominant land use in the immediate vicinity is subsistence farming, primarily millet and sorghum cultivation, which can generate particulate matter through tilling and burning practices. Further afield, the landscape opens into expansive savanna grasslands. The regional position of Pô, situated away from major industrial centers, initially suggests lower pollution levels. However, the prevailing Harmattan winds, originating from the Sahara Desert, frequently transport significant quantities of dust and sand, impacting air quality. The relatively flat terrain and limited topographical barriers exacerbate this issue, allowing pollutants to spread widely. The city’s compact urban form, with traditional housing styles, can also contribute to localized air quality challenges due to limited ventilation and potential for indoor pollution from cooking fires.

Pô’s air quality is inextricably linked to its tropical savanna climate, exhibiting a distinct wet and dry season cycle. The dry season, typically spanning from November to May, presents the most significant air quality challenges. During this period, reduced rainfall and increased temperatures create conditions conducive to dust storms driven by the Harmattan winds. These winds, originating from the Sahara, carry vast quantities of fine particulate matter, significantly degrading air quality. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler nights of the dry season, can trap pollutants near the ground, further exacerbating the problem. The months of February and March are often the most problematic, with frequent dust episodes. Conversely, the wet season (June to October) brings relief. Increased rainfall effectively ‘washes’ pollutants from the atmosphere, and higher humidity reduces dust suspension. However, agricultural practices during this period, including controlled burns for land clearing, can introduce localized smoke pollution. Fog, though infrequent, can also trap pollutants during the transitional periods. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting outdoor activities during peak dust events. Wearing masks, particularly N95 respirators, can offer some protection. During the wet season, while overall air quality improves, awareness of potential smoke from agricultural burning remains important. Maintaining good ventilation in homes and avoiding prolonged exposure to smoke are advisable.